आधुनिक आलु खेती प्रविधि

cfw"lgs cfn' v]tL k|ljlw

kl/ro M ;+;f/df cfn"sf] pTklQ blIf)f cd]l/sfsf] k]? / j]lnleofsf] l;df If]q PG*Lh kxf*L If]qdf ePsf] dflgG% . cfn"jf^ w]/} lsl;dsf kl/sf/ jGg] x"gfn] of] ;jf{lws nf]slk|o s[lif pkh xf] . o;nfO{ ;+;f/d} k|d"v vfBfGg jflnsf ?kdf lnO{Psf] % . g]kfndf vfBjflnsf] ?kdf lnO{Psf] % . g]kfndf vfBfgjfnLn] (fs]sf] If]qkmn cg";f/ cfn"n] kf+rf}:yfg cf]u^]sf] % . o;sf] pTkfbsTj ;j}eGbf j(L % .

    cfn" v]tLsf] ;"?jft lr;f] xfjfkfgL ePsf] If]qjf^ ePklg cfn" k|hgg\ tyf v]tL k|ljlwdf ePsf] Jofks ;"wf/n] pi)f k|b]lzo If]qx?df ;d]t o;sf] v]tL ul/Psf] % . ef}uf]lns ljljwtf tyf xfjfkfgL cg";f/ ljleGg ;dodf cfn" v]tL ul/G%. g]kfnsf] d"Votof kxf*df udL{ df};ddf / t/fO{df hf*f] ofddf cfn" v]tL ul/G% . cfn" v]tL ;DjGwdf ul/Psf cWoog / cg";+wfgn] leGg leGg If]qx?sf nflu %"§f%"§} hftsf] ljsf; u/L v]tL ug{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] % .

    t/fO{sf s]xL lhNnfx?df Jofj;flos ?kdf cfn"sf] v]tL ul/G%, ltlgx?dWo] slknj:t" klg k|d"v xf] . oxf+ nueu 1980 x]=df v]tL u/]/ nueu 21285 ^g pTkfbg ul/G% . cfn"sf] pTkfbsTj /fli^«o cf+s*fsf] t"ngfdf 10=75 ^g÷x]= dfq xf] h"g w]/} g} sd xf] . cfn’sf] e/k"/ pTkfbg ul/ laqmL ;d]t u/L j(LeGbf j(L cfDbfgL lngnfO{ ljpsf=] %gf}^ b]vL lnP/ ljqmL ug]{ j]nf ;Dd ljz]if lsl;dn] Wofg lbg"kb{% . h;sf] nfuL lgDg lsl;dsf k|ljlwx? ckgfpg" kg]{ b]lvG% .

1_ df^f] tyf xfjfkfgL M

cfn" lztf]i)f xfjfkfgL rflxg] jfnL ePsf] n] sd tfkqmd t/ t"iff/f] gePsf] /flq, sd cfb|{tf, sd xfjf rNg] / #dfO{nf] lbg rflxG% . o;sf] c+s"/)fsf] nflu 25^0;]=, jfg:klts j[l$sf] nflu 20^0;]=/ cfn" bfgf ljsf;sf] nflu 17 20^0;]=sf] cfjZostf kb{% . tfkqmd 30^0;]=eGbf j(L ePdf bfgf a(\g] sfd k')f{ /f]lsG% . jfbn nfu]sf] lbg jif{ / pRr cfb|{tf ePsf] j]nfdf (";Ljf^ / lhjf)f"jf^ nfUg] /f]u sf] km}ng] ;Defjgf j(]/ hfG% .

    cfn"sf] nflu jnf}^] jf dWod bf]d^ df^f] sf] ;fy ;fy} k|f+ufl/s kbfy{sf] dfqf j(L ePsf] df^f] pko"Qm x"G% . df^f] lk=Pr= dfg 5 b]vL 7 ;Dd sf] w]/} /fd|f] dflgG% . /fd|f] ;+u kN^fO{sg vghf]t u/]sf] emf/kft / *Nnfx? gePsf] v]tdf j(L dfqfdf cfn"sf] bfgf nfUb% .

2_ ljp ^";fpg] M

cfn"df ljleGg lsl;dsf ^";fx? h:t} Ms_ xl/of], bx|f], df]^f] / :j:Yo ^";fx? h"g /f]Kg pko"Qm tyf ;jf]{Qd dflgG% .

v_ slnnf], ;]tf] / lgj{n ^";f M c+Wof/f] &fp+df /flvg] x"gfn] o:tf] ^";fx? lg:sG% h"g l%§} ef+lrG% . / o;jf^ lg:s]sf jf]^x? klg w]/} sdhf]/ x"G%g\ .

u_ lgj{lnof], nfdf] / hL)f{ ^";f M o;jf^ lg:s]sf jf]^ lgj{n x"g"sf] ;fy} jfln klg rf+*} ^"+luO{ pTkfbg sd x"ghfG% .

#_ /f]u nfu]sf] cfn’"sf] u]*fjf^ lg:s]sf /f}+ h:tf] ^";f M o:tf] ljp /f]Kg nfos x"+b}g / w]/} xflgsf/s x"G% .

    g^";fPsf] ljp eGbf ^";fPsf] ljp cfn"jf^ rf+*f] jf]^ pd|G% / rf+*f] kmNb% . To;}n] ljp ;fgf] jf sf^]sf] / sdhf]/ % eg] /f]Kg] jvt ^";fP/ /f]Kg" /fd|f] x"G% .

ljp ^";fpg] tl/sf M

pHofnf] t/ l;wf #fd gnfUg] Gofgf] xfjf nfUg] &fp+df lkm+hfP/ Ps *]( dlxgf;Dd /fVg" kb{% . /f]Kg" eGbf Ps *]( dlxgf clw ljp cfn" cfkm\g} #/sf] %fgf d"gL jf j/*fsf] otfptL lkm+hfP/ /fv] /fd|f] jlnof] ^";f lg:sG% .

     g^";fPsf] ljp cfn"nfO{[ /f]Kg"eGbf 3 lbg cuf*L h"^sf] jf]/fdf /fv]/ clnstf kfgL %DsL csf]{ h"^sf] jf]/fn] %f]Kbf l%§} ^";f cfp+% h"g /f]Kg pko"Qm x"G% .

3_ cfn"sf] hft M ljleGg &fp+sf] xfjfkfgL, df}ifd, df^f]sf] k|s[lt cfjZostf, ljleGg /f]u ls/f cflbsf] cfwf/fdf ljleGg lsl;dsf hftx?sf] ljsf; ePsf] % h"g tnsf] tflnsfdf s]xL pNn]v ul/Psf] % .

qm=;	hft	cfn"sf] bfgf	/f]u	cjlw   -lbg_	;/b/ pTkfbg ls=u|f=÷s¶f	l;kmfl/; IF]q
1	s"km|L l;Gb’/L	dWodb]vL &"nf] uf]nf] lrNnf], lkmsf /ftf], u"bL ;]tf] cf+vfx? uflx/f] eO{ k|i^ b]lvg] .	;j} /f]u nfUg ;Sg]	110 b]vL 120	800 - 1000	t/fO{ j]+;L h:tf udL{ If]qdf
2	*]lh/]	dWod b]vL &"nf] nfDrf] c)*fsf/, lrNnf], /ftf] cf+vL e} nfDrf], u’"bL d}nf] kx]+nf]	P]=h? /f]u gnfUg], c? /f]u nfUg ;Sg]	90 lbg	500 - 700	t/fO{ / dflysf] kxf*L efudf
3	v"dn ;]tf] 1	dWodb]vL &"nf] cln r]K^f] uf]nf] ;]tf] v;|f], cf+vf l%%nf] cf+vL e} k|i^ ePsf] .	*("jf /f]u ;xg ;Sg] P]+h? gnfUg] .	100  - 120	700 - 800	pRr tyf dWod kxf*L If]qdf sd jiff{ x"g] &fp+
4	v’"dn /ftf] 2	dWod uf]nf] / lrNnf] jf]qmf ePsf] bfgf ePsf] jf]qmf sf] /+u u"nfjL cf+vf /ftf] ePsf] .	P]+h? tyf *("jf /f]u cj/f]ws cf]O{nfpg] tyf *("jf nfUg ;Sg] .	100 - 200	700 - 800	t/fO{ tyf lelq dw]z, dWo kxf*
5	hgs b]j	dWob]vL &"nf] nf Drf] tyf jf]qmf ePsf]	P]h? tyf *("jf /f]u cj/f]ws	90 - 120	700 - 1900	t/fO{ lelq dw]z
6	sfl*{gn	dWod b]vL nfDrf] c)*sf/, lrNnf] /ftf] cf+vfx? l%%nf], Psfk§L r"Rrf] k/]sf] h:tf] b]lvg]	P]h? gnfUg] s]xL xb;Dd *("jf cj/f]ws	90	500 - 700	t/fO{ kxf*
7	s"km|L jfbzfx	dWod b]vL &"nf] c)*fsf/ r]Krf], jf]qmf ;]tf], lrNnf] u"bL lkmSsf kx]+nf] cf+vf l%%nf] .	*("jf cj/f]ws	110 - 120	800 - 1000	t/fO{ / kxf*
8	s"km|L Hof]tL	dWod b]vL &"nf] c)*fsf/ r]Krf], jf]qmf ;]tf], lrNnf] u"bL lkmSsf d}nf] ;]tf] cf+vf l%%nf] rs{g] / km"^\g] .	*("jf /f]u ;xg ;Sg] P]h? gnfUg]	110 - 120	700 - 800	pRr tyf dWo kxf* / t/fO{
9	l^=kL=P;= sf hftx?M §   H.P.S 1÷13 §   H.P.S 2÷67 §   H.P.S 7÷67	dWod b]vL &"nf] uf]nf] lrNnf] jf]qmf	*("jf /f]u sd nfUg] P]h? gnfUg]	110 - 120	1200 - 1500	t/fO{, ldlq dw]z / dWo kxf*

4= dn vfb M cfn"sf] nflu /fd|f];+u s"x]sf]÷kfs]sf] uf]j/÷sDkf]i^ dn *]( uf*f -6 SjLG^n_ k|lt s¶f b/n] cfn" /f]Kg" eGbf 10 lbg cufj} %/]/ df^f]df ld;fO{ lbg" kb{% . /fd|f] gs"x]sf] v)*df xfgLsf/s ls/fsf] nfe|], Ko"kfx? tyf lhjf)f"x?n] kl% g} gf]S;fg ug]{ ub{% .

l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] /;folgs dn dfq k|of]u ug"{ kb{% . k|lt s¶f 7 ls=u|f= l*=P=kL= 4 ls=u|f= o"l/of / 3=5 ls=u|f= . Do"/]^ ckm kf]^f; j/fj/ %g"{kb{%, ;+u;+u} cfwf s]hL cfn" k|lt s¶f klg %bf{ /fd|f] pTkfbg x"G% .

5_ /f]Kg] tl/sf, b"/L / ;do M cfn" ljleGg tl/sfn] /f]lkG%

s_ *\ofé p&fP/

v_ ulx/f] vg]/ kl% df^f] r(fpg]

u_ sf]bfn] vgL ljp /fvL df^f]n] %f]Kg] kl% df^f] r(fpg]

#_ ulx/f] vgL /f]k]/ k/fnn] %f]Kg] . oL ljlwx?df *\ofé p&fP/ cfn" /f]Kg] ljlw ;j} eGbf /fd|f] dflgG% lsgeg] uf]*d]n ug{ df^f] r(fpg dnvfb xfNg, l;+rfO{ ug{, ljiffbL %s{g, cfn" vGg ;lhnf] x"G% . ;fy} pTkfbg klg j(L x"G% .

k+lQm b]vL k+lQm ;Ddsf] b"/L - 60 ;]=dL= -2 lkm^_

ljp b]vL ljpsf] b"/L -30 ;]=dL= -1 km"^_

* t/fO{df sflt{s d+l;/ df /f]k]sf] cfn" pko"Qm dflgG% .

6_ ljp cfn" sf^\g] tl/sf M ljp cfn' ;se/ gsf^]/ /f]Kbf /fd\f] dflgG% . t/ &"nf] ;fO{hsf] bfgf /f]Kbf vr{ j(L nfUg] eP klg l&s cfsf/sf] ljp g/f]Kbf ;fx|} g} pTkfbg #^\g] ;Defjgf x"G% . ljpsf] plrt ;fO{h 25-50 u|fd jhg ePsf], sDtLdf 2÷3 j^f ^";fx? ePsf], g;*]sf], :j:Yo cf+vfePsf], /f]u gnfu]sf,] rf]^k^s gnfu]sf], hft cg";f/sf] u")f ePsf] x"g"kb{% . ljp sf^\bf ;kmf wfl/nf] rSs"n] &f*f] x"g] lsl;dn] 2÷3 cf+vf kg]{ ul/ sf^\g" kb{% . k|To]s s^fO{ kl% dl§t]ndf rf]Jg" kb{% .

7_ ljp b/ M 50-60 ls=u|f= k|lt s¶f ljp cfn" rflxG% .

8_ ljp pkrf/ M ljpnfO{ 1 u|f= j]ljli^g jf s}K^fg÷P/]^fg / 1 u|f *fO{y]g Pd 45 k|ltln^/ kfgLdf ;fy} 2 ldln yfof]*fg k|lt 2 ln^/ df ld;fP/ 20-30 ldg]^ ;Dd lehfpg" kb{% . o;f] ubf{ /f]u / ls/fjf^ jRg ;xof]u k"¥ofp+% .

9_ uf]*d]n / ps]/f lbg] M cfn"s]f jf]^ 1 ljQf hlt ePdf Ps k^s uf]*d]n u/]/ d"n *f+&sf] jl/kl/ df^f] r(fO{ lbg" kb{% . cfjZos k/] 2 dlxgf kl% k"gM df^f] r(fpg] / uf]*d]n ug]{ sfo{ ug"{ k%{ .

10_ l;+rfO{ M cfn" jflndf wfg ux"+ h:t} kfgL lbg" kb}{g t/ df^f] ;"Vvf gx"gnfO{ pko"{Qm dfqfdf lr:ofg sfod /fVg u]*fsf] j[l$sf] z"?b]vL cfn" vGg" 10-15 lbg cuf*L;Dd xNsf l;+rfO{ sf] cfjZostf kb{% . df^f]sf] cj:of, df};d x]/L 3÷4 k^s ;Dd *\ofésf] cfwL efu ;Dd kfgL lbg" kb{% . kfgLsf] Joj:yf gePsf] &fp+df cfn"/f]k]/ k/fnn] %f]kL Go"gtd pTkfbg lng ;lsG% . kfgL sf] Joj:yf sd ePsf] &fp+df Ps *\ofé lj/fP/ kfgL lb+bf zf];]/ ljrsf] *\ofé klg lelhG%, h’"g rfxL Go"gtd l;+rFO{ x"g"k%{ .

cfn"sf] *("jf -kfnf_ /f]usf] ;d:of / To;sf] Joj:yfkg

       cfn" xfd|f] b]z g]kfndf t/fO{ b]lv lxdfn ;Dd pTkfbg x"g] tyf k|z:t dfqfdf ljleGg kl/sf/sf] ?kdf pkef]u klg ul/b} cfPsf] b]lvG% . cfn" vfBfGg jfnL ePtf klg xfd|f] b]zdf t/sf/L, lrK;, ;df];f, ksf}*f cflb kl/sf/ jgfO{ vfg] ul/G% . xf]^]ndf ;j} eGbf jbL cfn"sf] vkt ;df];f jgfpg k|of]u ul/G% . cfn"sf] pTkfbsTj c? jfnLsf] t"ngfdf j(L jhf/ efp x"g] cfDbfgL lbg] tyf s]xL lbg ;Dd cfkm\g} #/df e)*f/ ug{ ;lsg'sf] ;fy} cfkm} klg pkef]u ug]{ jfln ePs} sf/)f slknj:t" lhNnfdf cfn"sf] If]qkmn 1980 x]= pTkfbg d]=^g tyf pTkfbsTj 10=75 d]=^g÷x]= -;|f]t M lh=s[=lj=sf=_ ePsf] kfO{G% . tyflk of] c? s]xL lhNnfsf] t"ngfdf sd g} xf] .

    o; lhNnfdf cfn" v]tLsf] nflu ljp cfn", cfn" ljof -^L kL P;_ tyf klxnf], bf]>f] k":tfsf ljp cfn" g} ljpsf] >f]t xf] . of] jif{ cfn" nufpg] ;do l(nf] kfgL k/]sf]n] s]xL cj]nf eP klg ljleGg lsl;dsf ljsf; sfo{qmd÷kl/of]hgf h:t}M lh=s[=lj=sfof{nosf cfkm|g} lgoldt sfo{qmd P=kL=kL=P;=kL= tyf cGo kl/of]hgfsf] sf/)f o; kfnL kf]xf]/ sf] ck]Iff If]qkmn sd gePsf] cg"dfg ul/G% . If]qkmndf x|f; gcfpg s]xL lbg cuf*L ;Ddsf] kfl/nf] #fd tyf Gofgf] xfjf kfgLn] klg ;xof]u u/]sf] % .

    pTkfbg sd x"g"sf sf/)fx?dWo] cfn'df nfUg] k%f}^] *("jf /f]u Psbd} k|d"v xf] . h"g cfly{s b[li^sf])fn] dxTjk")f{ dflgG% .

k%f}^] *("jf /f]usf] nIf)f M

    hf*f] ofddf kfgL -jiff{_ k/]kl% of] *("jf /f]usf] k|sf]k j(L dfqfdf b]vf k/]sf] ljutsf tYofªsn] b]vfPsf] % . htL htL dfqfdf s'lx/f] / x';' sf] k|sf]k j(\b} hfG% TotL g} dfqfdf of] /f]u klg b]vf k%{ . of] /f]u cfn"sf] h"g ;"s} cj:yfdf tyf ;Dk")f{ efu -kft, *f+& tyf bfgf_ df cfqmd)f ub{% . /f]usf] z"?sf] cj:yfdf tNnf] kftsf] ^"Kkf tyf lsgf/fdf kfgLn] leh]sf] h:tf] efux?df b]vf kb{% . hj df};d jbln lzt jf kfgL k/]/ kftsf] lr:ofg nfdf] ;do ;Dd sfod /xG%, tfkqmd 10 24⁰ sf] ljr tyf ;fk]lIfs cfb|tf 80 k|ltzt eGbf j(L ePsf] cj:yfdf *("jf /f]usf] cfqmd)fsf] k|jn ;+efjgf b]lvG% . h'g rf+xL s]xL ;do b]vL jbn]/ uPsf] % . cj *("jf dxfdfl/sf] ?kdf cfpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf % . cg"s"n xfjfkfgL ePsf] v)*df kft leh]sf] lelq lelq efult/ j(\b} hfG%g\ / v}/f tyf sfnf] wJjfdf kl/)ft x"G%g\ . ;fk]lIfs cfb|tf j(L ePdf kftsf] tNnf] kl§ bfgfdf ;d]t cfqmd)f k"Ub% . o;/L /f]u bfgfdf ;d]t cfqmd)f k"Ub% . o;/L /]fu bfgf ;Dd k"¥ofpg zLt xfjf l;+rfO{sf] kfgL jf jif{fn] &'n]f e"ldsf v]n]sf] x"G% . /f]uL bfgfsf] jflx/L efudf v}/f bfux? b]vf eO{ kl% (";L lj:tf/} lelq efu ;Dd k"Ub% . /f]usf] k|sf]k Hofb} ePdf ;Dk')f{ cfn" jfln *(\b% . cfn"jf^ Ps k|sf/ sf] uGw klg cfp+% .

Joj:yfkgsf pkfox? M

1. :j:Yo ljp cfn"sf] k|of] ug"{ kb{% .
2. cfn" ljofsf] k|of]u ug'{ kb{% .
3. *("jf k|lt/f]wL hftx? M s"km|L Hof]tL, xfO{lj|* 14, /f]lhtf, lj=cf/=63 65, l;=Pkm=h]=^L 0012 P;=kL=P;=2÷67, Pd=P;= 42÷3 cflb nufpg" k%{
4. /f]Kg] ;dodf x]/km]/ u/L bfgf nfUg] j]nfdf *('jfsf] cg"s"n jftfj/)f %Ng" kb{% .
5. jfln nufpg] tl/sf h:t} jfSnf] gnufO{ l;kmfl/; cg";f/ 60 / 30 ;]=dL= sf] b"/Ldf nufpg], l;+rfO[ ubf[{ Ps Ps *\of+u lj/fP/ l;+rfO{ ug]{, gfO{^«f]hg o'Qm dn o"/Lof j(L gxfNg] .
6. v]t jf/L tyf cfnLdf ePsf] cfn" ;d'xsf jfln tyf emf/kft x^fpg" kb{% .

(";L gfifs ljifflbsf] k|of]u M

• (";L km}lng] cg"s"n jftfj/)f b]lvgf ;fy 2=5 b]vL 3 u|f=k|lt ln^/ kfgLdf *fO{y]g Pd 45  jf ls;fg Pd 45 jf /fO{g]f Pd 45 15÷15 lbgdf %g"{+ kb{% . kl% 7÷7 lbgdf :k|] ug'{ kb{% .
• lqmnf]S;Ln 1 b]vL 1^1÷2 u|f= k|lt ln^/ kfgLsf] b/n] kftx? /fd|/L leHg] u/L 15 15 lbgs]f km/sdf :k|] ug"{ kb{% .
• j]ljl:^g 1 uf|= / *fO{y]g Pd 45 2 u|fd k|lt ln^/ kfgLsf] b/n] 10 15 lbgsf] km/sdf :k|] ug"{ k%{ .

gf]^ M /f]usf] cj:yf j(L ePdf %g]{ cGt/fn #^fpg ;lsG% .