Thursday, August 27, 2015

स्थानीय निकायमा योजना तर्जुमा सामाजिक सदभाव र नागरीक अनुगमन प्रशिक्षण र प्रभाज



:yfgLo lgsfodf of]hgf th{'df, ;fdfhLs ;b\efj / gfu/Ls cg'udg K|flzIf0f / K|fefj
b]zdf s]Gb| ;/sf/af6 :yfgLo hgtfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;+af]wg ug{ :yfgLo :t/sf] 6f]n a:tLaf6  cfjZostf klxrfg, 5nkmn, k|fyldsLs/0f tyf :yfgLo >f]t ;fwg cg';f/ of]hgf tof/ tyf :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 :jLs[t of]hgf sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf :yfgLo :jfot zf;g P]g @)%% / lgodfjnL @)%^n] u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLo lgsfo uflj;, g=kf= tyf lhlj;sf] of]hgf th"{dfsf nflu !$ r/0fsf] of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofsf] Joj:yf ePtf klg ljutsf 4Gb, ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhg}lts tyf ;f+:s[lts lje]b, :yfgLo lgsfodf lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglw lalxgtf, hgzlStsf] cefj tyf sdhf]/ Ifdtf, gful/ssf] pbflzgtf, :yfgLo lgsfosf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfefj dfgl;Stfsf] sdL cflb sf/0fn] oL k|lqmof s]xL jif{ otf lgoldt ?kdf, ;DaGwLt 7fpFdf, lgwf{l/t ;dodf, ljlwjt gx'g] cj:yfaf6 u'lh|g' :jefljs} xf] . kmn:j?k gful/ssf] ljz]ifu/L nlIft ju{M dlxnf, afnaflnsf, lk5l8Psf] ;d'bfon] ;/sf/sf] ;]jf ;'ljwf / ljsf; k|lqmofdf ;xefuLtf tyf k|ltlglwTjaf6 klg a+lrt x'g'sf ;fy} cfly{s clgoldttfdf a[l4sf] cj:yf ;d]t >[hgf ePsf] 5 . /fHo tyf gfu/Lssf] b'/L a9g'sf ;fy} ;/sf/ k|lt gful/ssf] ljZjf; klg sdhf]/ ePsf] 5 . lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglw lalxg cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/ ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno dfkm{t k|To]s j8fdf :yfgLo zf;gdf ;'wf/ ug{ gfu/Ls s]lGb|t ;+:yf j8f gfu/Ls d+r tyf uflj; tyf gkfsf j8fx?df u/Lla Go"gLs/0f ug{ gfu/Ls ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf u/LPsf] 5 . a:tL :t/sf] of]hgf ;d]6\gsf nflu oL ;+/rgfx?sf] cfwf/ dfgL of]hgf lgdf{0f, k|fydLlss/0f, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg ug{ p2]Zo eP klg ;f] cg'?k :yfgLo lgsfodf x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . b]zdf nlIft ju{sf] ah]6 ;d]t cGo If]qdf, ljsf; ah]6sf] ljlQo clgoldttf ;'Gg' b]Vg' k/]sf] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . :yfgLo lgsfosf] kl/ifb x'g] 7fpFdf geO{ cGoq x'g], kl/ifbdf lg0f{o Ps yf]s sfd cs]{f, slt ko cj:yfdf kl/ifbsf] lg0f{o km]g{' k/]sf] t slt cj:yfdf ;lrj, x'g] vfg] au{ / s]xL /fhg}lts bnsf JolQmn] ah]6 dfl;Psf], 7'nf] /sd k]ZsL /x]sf] / 7'nf] ah]6 km|Lh x'g] klg w]/} 7fpFdf ;'Gg] u/]sf] kfO{G5 . ut cf= j= df s'n ljlgof]lht ah]6sf] hDdf #) k|ltzt dfq vr{ ePsf] lttf] oyfy{ 5 . :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;]jf k|jfxdf sdL jf ckf/bzL{ tyf gfu/Ls klg ;]jf af/] cgle1tfsf] sf/0f ljutdf ljsf;sf] ultdf lzlyntf cfPsf]n] ljsf; k|lqmofdf lgliqmotf eO{ gfu/Lssf] ;xefuLtf 36g' :jfefljs xf] . cGtM Go'gtd zt{ dfkgdf c;kmn eO{ :yfgLo lgsfosf] k|efjsf/Ltfdf k|Zgjfrs lrGx v8f ePsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] cf/De u/]]sf /fli6«o cleofgsf ljifox? K|flt klg u|fdL0f e]ssf hgtf ;+a]bgzLntf tyf tbf?stf la/n} b]vfPsf] kfO{G5 .

oL ;a} s'/fx?nfO{ x[bof+ud u/L dGqfno dfkm{t ;g @))* b]lv ;+rfngdf /x]sf] :yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmdn] :yfgLo lgsfosf gfu/Ls ;+:yf j8f gfu/Ls d+r tyf gfu/Ls ;r]tgf s]Gb| Pj+ PsLs[t of]hgf th'{df ;ldltsf ;lqmo /fhg}lts bnsf ;b:ox? Pj+ ;fdfhLs kl/rfns / uflj; gkf j8f ;lrj u/L $@ nfO{ # ltg] :yfgLo :t/sf of]hgf th'{df, ;fdflhs ;b\efj tyf gful/s cg'udg ;DaGwL tfnLddfkm{t t/fO{ / s]xL kxf8sf lhNnfsf uflj; tyf g=kf= df ;r]tgf km}nfpg] ljZjf; lnO{Psf] 5 .

pQm tfnLd gfu/Ls ;r]tgf s]Gb|, j8f gfu/Ls d+r / uf=lj=;= g=kf= sf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f u/L ;f] cj:yf ;'wf/sf nflu of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{, :yfgLo ;fdflhs ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg / To;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu rflnPsf /fli6«o cleofgnfO{ :yfgLo :t/sf] of]hgfdf ;dfj]z u/fO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f / k|fyldsLs/0f u/L To;sf] sfof{Gojogdf of]ubfg k'of{pg  tyf gful/s cg'udgdf ;lqmo ;xeflutf hgfpg] h:tf p2]Zox? /flvPsf] lyof] . tfnLd :yfgLo k|lzIfsåf/f :yfgLo efiffdf tyf :yfgLo pbfx/0fåf/f, :yfgLo rLhaLh k|of]u u/L ;xeflutfTds k|lqmofdf ;DaGwLt lhNnf ljsf; ;ldtLsf] cfof]hsTjdf sflt{ssf] !$ ut] b]lv kf}if @ ut];Dd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

tLg lbg;Dd rNg] tfnLdsf ljifoj:t'x?df Uff=lj=;, gf;s] tyf jgfdsf] cj:yf ljZn]if0f, cGo ;]jfk|bfos ;+:yfx?af6 pknAwx'g] ;]jf ;'lawfx? -s[lif, kz', jg, :jf:Yo rf}sL, k|x/L rf}sL, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:Yff, cflbaf6 lbO{g] ;]jfx?_ ,ufpF ;fdflhs kl/rfng ;dGjo ;ldlt, :yfgLo :t/df /x]sf ljleGg s'k|yf, s'l/tL, s';+:sf/, n}lus lx+;f, tyf e]befjhGo ;fdflhs rngx?sf] cGTosf nflu :yfgLo ;+/rgfx?sf] e'lds, jfn d}qL :yfgLo zf;g, -afn e]nf ;lxt_, jftfj/0f d}qL :yfgLo zf;g ,(n}+lus ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f, :jf:Yotyf ;/;kmfO{ -v'nflb;fd'St_, k|hgg\ :jf:Yo, cfof]hgf klxrfgsf cfwf/x?, of]hgf th'{df / cfof]hgfsf] k|fyldsLs/0f, juL{s/0f -nlIft ;d'x s]Gb|Lt sfo{s|d;lxt_, ;xefuLtfTds of]hgf th'{dfsf !$ r/0fdWo] * r/0f, of]hgf sfof{Gjog ,of]hgfsf] cg'udg, k|ltj]bg, of]hgfsf]  ;fj{hlgsLs/0f,  h:tf ljifox? ;3g?kdf ;d]l6Psf] lyof] . ;fy} gful/s cg'udg, uflj; tyf :yfgLo :t/sf ;]jfk|bfos ;F:yfsf sfdsjf{xL / ljsf; lgdf{0fdf k|efjsf/L gful/s ;+nUgtf / lgu/fgL -;fj{hlgs kl/If0f, ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{, ;fdflhs kl/If0f klg ;xhLs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . tfnLd cGtdf k|To]s ;+/rgfx?sf] cfkm cfkm\gf] sfo{of]hgf, jgfdsf] clxn] b]lv c;f/ d;fGt ;Ddsf] sfo{of]hgfsf] Sofn]08/ tof/ kfg]{, eljiodf ul/g] sfo{x? ;d]6LPsf] k|lta4tf kqdf x:tfIf/ ;d]t u/fOPsf] lyof] . tfnLddf Jffrg, ;d'x 5nkmn, cGtlqmof, dfs/fsf] hfnf] ljlw, kfj/ afs, 9'+uf bfgfaf6 of]hgf k|fyldlss/0f, k|lta4tf kq, sfo{ of]hgf tof/L, vr{ /sd kf/blz{tf, ;xefuLtfTds k|lqmofnfO{ ljif]z k|d'vtf lbPsf] lyof] .

If]lqo ;dGjo O{sfO{, x]6f}8fsf] !) lhNnfx? dWo] k;f{, af/f, /f}tx6, ;nf{xL / dxf]Q/L lhNnfx?sf hDdf    $@%j6f uflj;x?, #! j6f g=kf=sf j8fx? u/L hDdf $%^ j6f tfnLd &* hgf :yfgLo k|lzIfsx?åf/f xfn} ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] tfnLdaf6 tL lhNnfx?sf s/La !*,@%) hgf eGbf a9L ;xefuLx? dWo] %)Ü hlt dlxnf, @)–#)Ü lk5l8Psf] au{af6 nfefGjLt ePsf 5g\ . k|To]s tfnLddf ;xefuL ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ?= %$,))) ;Dd vlr{Psf] lyof] . o;jf6 cg]sf} kmfObfx? dWo] kf}if d;fGt leq :yfgLo lgsfosf] kl/ifb :yfgLo :yfgdf 7'nf] ;xefuLdf ;DkGg, sDtLdf *) Ü j8f gfu/Ls d+rsf] tyf k"0f{ nlIft au{sf] of]hgf kl/ifbaf6 kfl/t, ljlgof]lht /sdsf] 7"nf] /sd :yfgLo lgsfodf ljlwjt vr{, ;+alGwt lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf ltgsf clwsf+; uflj; / gkf=x? Go'gtd zt{ dfkgdf pQL0f{, kl/of]hgfx?sf] ;fj{hlgs n]vf k/LIf0f x'g] cfzf lnPsf] 5 . tTsfn} slt 7fpFx?df ciff9 kl5 tfnLdsf] a]nf uf=lj=;= ;lrj / hgtfsf] e]6g] cj;/ tyf w]/} lbgsf] k]G8L+u JolQmut 36gf btf{ tyf l;kmfl/;, ljutsf ah]6sf]] cfo Joodf hfgsf/L, ;lrj;+u xKtfsf] @ lbg cfpg] afrf tyf lgoldt ;]jf k|jfx, v'Nnf lb;f d'St cleofgsf /}nL tyf JolQmut ;/;kmfOdf z'?cft, :yfgLo ljBfno tyf :jf:yo rf}sLdf ;]jfdf lta|tf, o; cf= j=sf] ah]6sf] of]hgf ;+rfng k|lqmofdf cf/De h:tf cg]sf} k|efjx? tfnLdaf6 ePsf] 5 .
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s]xL uflj;df ;lrj gePsf] cj:yfdf, ;lrjsf] cg'kl:ylt tyf ut aif{sf] sfo{df kf/bzLtfdf sdL, ;fdfhLs kl/rfnssf]  sfo{ s'zn g/x]sf]n] tfnLddf w]/} k|Zgx? p7gfn] yf]/} ;d:yf cfPsf / /fhg}lts bnsf] sf/0fn] j8f gful/s d+r u7g x'g g;s]sf]n] tfnLd ;DkGg gePsf ;d:of ef]Ug' k/]sf] lyof] . ufpFdf w]/} ;do b]lv s'g} ;ef sfo{qmd gePsf]n] ufpFsf w]/}n] tfnLdf cfpg] k|of; klg u/]/ xNsf ;d:of k/]sf] lyof] .
oL ;d:ofx? Gfcfpg tyf ;d:of lg/fs/0f ug{ lhlj;af6 :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/Lx?, sfo{qmd clws[tx?, kqsf/x?, g=kf=sf sfo{sf/L clws[t, zx/L zf;g lj1, If]lqo ;dGjo OsfO, x]6f}8f, dGqfno tyf sfo{qmd ;dGjo OsfO{ sf7df8f}af6 ;d]t cg'udg ePsf] lyof] .

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shreebhagavanthalkur@gmail.com

परवल खेती प्रविधि



k/jn v]tL
kl/roM
k/jn Ps ax'jlif{o nx/] afnL xf] . o;df k|f]6Lg, le6fdLg P / ;L, SofN;Lod, kmf:kmf]/; / kmnfdsf] dfqf cTolws x'G5 . of] afnL km;L{ kl/jf/ leq k5{ . o;sf] pTklQ a+ufn / c;fddf ePs]f dflgG5 . k/jn d'6' / lbdfusf /f]uLx?sf] nfuL w]/} pkof]uL xf] . of] ;lhn} ;+u kRg] c? t/sf/Lsf] t'ngfdf kf]i6Ls / :jflbnf] ePsf]n] t/sf/Lsf] /fhf klg elgG5 . of] Ps k6s nufpkl5 $÷% jif{ ;Dd kmn lbG5 . of] d'Vot M ju/ tyf anf}6] bf]d6 df6f]df v]tL ul/G5 .

xfjfkfgL M
        o;sf] nfuL k|;:t jiff{ x'g] / udL{ tyf cf]l;nf] xfjfkfgL kfOg] t/fO{ / leqL dw]zdf v]tL ul/G5 . o;sf] af]6 z/b / a;Gt Ct'df ;';'Kt cj:yfdf /x] klg tfkqmd a9g yfn] kl5 knfpg yfN5 .

df6f]
        kfgL ghDg], a'/a'/fpbf] anf}6] / bf]d6 t/ k|;:t dfqfdf k|f+ul/s kbfy{ ePsf] ;se/ cUnf] 7fp+ v]tLsf] nfuL pko'Qm dflgG5 .

jfg:klts ljj/0f
        o;sf] efn] / kf]yL km"n ;lxtsf 5'§f5'§} cnu cnu af]6x? x'G5g\ . /fd|f] afnL pTkfbgsf nfuL Ps Kn6df !)–!%Ü efn] af]6 cfjZos x'G5 . o;sf] km'n /ftsf] ljxfgL kv cyjf pHofnf] x'g] ;dodf km"N5  / ^–!@ ah] ;Dddf k/fu ;]rg ;DkGg x'G5 .

hftx?
        o;sf g]kfndf l;kmfl/; ePsf hftx? geP klg ef/tsf k|rlnt hftx?df km}bfjfb k/jn !, km}hfjfb k/jn #, km}hfjfb k/jn $ / km}hfjfb k/jn % /x]sf 5g\ .

hldgsf] tof/L / dnvfb
        hldgnfO{ r}q, a}zfvdf /fd|/L vghf]t u/L klxnf] jif{df # M@M@ ls=u|f= gfO6«f]hg, kmf:kmf]/; / kf]6f; k|of]u ug'{ k5{ ;fy} %)) ls=u|f= sDkf]i6 dn cfjZos k5{ .
        lj?jf ;fg{ vf8n tof/ ubf{ k|lt vf8n %÷% u|f= gfO6«f]hg, kmf:kmf]/; / kf]6f; / @ ls=u|f= sDkf]i6 dn /fd|/L ld;fpg' k5{ . bf];|f] jif{ b]lv sflt{sdf uf]8d]n kZrft !) u|f= o'l/of / @ ls=u|f= uf]7]dn k|lt vf8n lbg' k5{ . vf8n vGbf ! lkm6 nDafO{, rf}8fO tyf ulx/fO{sf] vf8n vGg' k5{ .

nufpg] ;do M
        o;sf] ljp df3 b]lv a}zfv ;Dd /f]k]/ lj?jf pdf{g ;lsG5 . nx/f sf6]/ snld ;fg]{ xf] eg] ebf}+ b]lv sflt{s ;Dddf ;fl/ ;Sg' k5{ . k'/fgf] /fd|f] kmn nfUg] :j:R5 lj?jfaf6 snld u/]/ o;sf] v]tL ul/G5 .
       

ljp b/ M
        ^)) u|f= ljp k|lt s¶f / !%)–@))– nx/f k|lt s¶f rflxG5 . snld nx/fsf] nDafO{ %) ;]=dL= x'g'k5{ / uf]nf] cfsf/df agfpg' k5{ .   

lj?jf nufpg] tl/sf M
        -s_ vfN6f] vg]/
        -v_ gfnf cyjf s'n];f] vg]/
uf]nfsf/ agfPsf nx/fx?sf] b'a} 6'Kkf]x? df6f]sf] ;Dks{df NofO{ b'O{ ltxfO{ efu df6f] leq kg]{ ul/ ufl8G5 . o;/L /f]lkPsf nx/fdf s]xL lbg kl5 b]lv h/f tyf hldg dfyL /x]sf efuaf6 gofF 6';fx? knfpg yfN5g\ . pko'Qm jftfj/0f ldNgf ;fy a9g yfN5 . k+QmL b]vL k+QmL @ dL= tyf af]6 b]vL af]6 ! dL= vfN6f] jf s'n];f]df nx/fx? /f]Kg' k5{ .

l;rfO{ / uf]8d]n
        o;nfO{ Ps jif{df #÷$ k6s uf]8d]n ug'{ k5{ . l;rfO{sf] Joj:yf ePdf !)÷!% lbgsf] km/sdf kfgL lbg' k5{ . kfgL a9L ePsf] cj:yfdf lgsf;sf] plrt Joj:yf ug'{ k5{ .

sf65f6
        o;nfO{ sf65f6 gu/] ;fgf] / sd kmNg] x'G5 . To;}n] klxnf] jif{ sf65f6sf] cfjZostf kb}{g t/ kmn]sf] klxnf] jif{ d+;L/sf] bf;|f] xKtf b]vL sf65f6 ug'{ k5{ . e'O{ b]lv #)÷$) ;]=dL= ;Ddsf] k|d'v nx/fnfO{ 5f]8]/ afsL nx/fnfO{ sf6g' k5{ . To;}df kmfNu'0f b]vL k/jn kmNg z'? u5{ .

afnL ;+/If0f
        o;df d'VotM w'n] /f]u tyf vk6] ls/fsf] k|sf]k blvPdf lsgS;Ln ! u|f= / /f]u/ @ ld=ln=k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n] :k|]o/ ug'{ k5{ .

afnL l6Kg]
        kmfNu'0f b]vL h]i7 ;Dd pTkfbg lbG5 . $÷% lbgsf] km/sdf kmn l6Kg' kg]{ x'G5 . /fd|/L v]tL ul/of] eg] k|lt s¶f *–( SjL= pTkfbg x'G5 . bf;|f] / t];|f] jif{df pTkfbg a9L pTkfbg x'G5 .

cfDbfgL
        o;af6 k|lt s¶f ^–* xhf/ ;Dd cfDbfgL x'G5 .