;"o{d'vL v]tL t]n / bfp/fsf] ;dfwfg
;"o{d'vL klxn]
klxn] ;f}Gbo{tfsf] nflu km"nsf] ?kdf #/ cufl* cyjf #/ ;hfpg k|of]u
ul/GYof] . t/ clxn] cfP/ t]nxgsf] ?kdf c;fWo} k|of]u ug{ yflnPsf] % . of] afnL
;f]leot ;+#, cf/h]lG^gf, aNu]l/of, ?dflnof, ^sL{, blIf)f cd]l/sf tyf ef/tdf
v]tL ul/G% . t/ of] afnL g]kfnsf] s]xL efudf klg w]/} yf]/]} If]qkmndf v]tL ul/G% . c? t]nxg
jfnL h:t} tf]/L, ;/:+o'{, jbfd, e^df;, ltn em';]ltnx? eGbf ;"o{d'vL
:jf:Yojw{s dflgG% . of] t]nnfO{ d'^'sf] /f]u lgDTofpg] sf]n]:^]/f]n cyjf kf]nL
cG;}r'/]^]* km}^L Pl;*sf] dfqf Psbd} sd x'g] ePsf]n] /Qmrfk ;+jGwL /f]uLsf]
nflu pko'Qm t]n l;$ e};s]sf] % . o;sf] %ftf lg:s] kl% %ftfsf] k%f*L efudf cf}lS;g eg] a[l$ a${s /;fog h'g ;"o{sf]
k|sfzdf %fof+df a:g vfHg] u')f ePsf]n] lbgdf ;"o{d'vL ;"o{lt/
kms]{sf] x'G%, To;}n] o;nfO{ ;'o{d'vL elgG% .
o;sf] t]ndf c?
jfnLsf] t'ngfdf k|f]l^g, le^fldg / vlgh tTjx? j(L g} kfO{G% . o;sf] bfgfdf 38-43%;Dd t]n kb{% eg] tf]/Ldf dfq} 32% t]n kb{% . o;sf] lkgfdf 42%;Dd k|f]l^g kfO{G% . h'g ufO{ e};L,
j+u'/, s'v'/fsf] bfgfdf k|of]u ul/G% .
of] jfnLnfO{
k|sfz cjlw, tfkqmd;+usf] TotL c;/ gug]{ k|lt O{sfO{ j(L pTkfbg lbg] -60-70 s]=hL=÷s¶f_ %f]^f] ;dodf pTkfbg
x'g] -85-115
lbg_ jif{df tLg k^s ;Dd v]tL ug{ ;lsg], gub] jfnL ePsf]n] j(L cfDbfgL lng
;lsg], yf]/} l;+rfO{n] k'Ug], /f]u ls/fsf] k|sf]k sd x'g], ;j} lsl;dsf] df^f]df
x'g], b'O{ afnLsf] ljrdf lng ;lsg], ufO{a:t'n] g?rfpg], *f++&, vf]:^f /
%ftf bfp/fsf] ?kdf k|of]u x'g] ePsf]n] t/fO{ nufot dWo kxf*sf lhNnfx?sf] nflu
Psbd} pkof]uL afnL l;$ x'g ;Sb% .
t/fO{sf
s]xL lhNnfx?df ljleGg sf/)fx? dWo] %f*f kz'kfngsf] */n] jif{ el/df sDtLdf 3 k^s
afnL lng'sf] ;§f Pp^f afnL wfg dfq pTkfbg ul/g] k|yfsf] nfuL Psbd} pko'Qm afnL
% h'g wfg sf^]kl% d+lz/df nufP/ r}qdf lng ;lsG% . of] afnLsf] kftdf em';
ePsf]n] ufO{j:t'n] Tolt dg k/fpb}g . of] afnL u|fld)f e]ssf ufp+x?df bfp/fsf]
cefj ePsf]n] ufOj:t'sf] uf]j/nfO{ uf]O&f, -s)*f_ agfP/ afNg] k|yfn]
&'nf] dfqfdf lj?jfnfO{ rflxg] kf]ifs tTj h:t} M gfO^«f]hg, kmf;kmf]/;,
kf]^f;, ;Nkm/ cflb afNg afWo ePsf] % ;fy} jg h+un s^fg tyf lagf;af^ arfpg klg
;xof]u u/]sf] % . olb of] afnL nufpg kfP bfp/fsf] ;d:of xn x'g'sf ;fy}
ufO{j:t'sf] uf]a/ v]taf/Ldf k|of]u eO{ ljb]zaf^ lelqg] dn jfkt ltl/g] d'b|f
arfpg ;lsG% . of] afnLn] dxsf] pTkfbgdf a[l$ u/L dfx'/L Joj;fo ;d]tnfO{ ;s/fTds
k|efj kfb{% . o:sf] h/f df^F]sf] leq;Dd hfg] ePsf]n] ulx/f];Dd /x]sf]
vfBtTjnfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;Ifd x'G% . dflysf ;Dk")f{ u')fx?n] hnjfo'
kl/jt{gsf] c;/ sd ug{ pNn]vgLo e"ldsf v]Nb% .
ctM o;nfO{ g]kfnsf] t/fO{ tyf dWo
kxf*df d"Vo afnL;+usf] anL rqmdf ;'xfp+bf] x'g] u/L v]tL u/L k|lt OsfO
If]qkmndf a(L eGbf a(L cfDbfgL lng'sf;fy} jftfj/)fnfO{ ;d]t hf]ufpg ;lsG% .
pGgt k|ljlw
;"o{d"vL v]tL ds} v]tL
ug]{ k|ljlw h:t} s'/fx? kb{% .
1=df^f]sf]
lsl;d / xfjfkfgL M
kfgL ghDg], /fd|f] lgsf;sf] Joj:yf ePsf]
bf]d^ df^f], kL=Pr=6=5-8 ;Dddf /fd|f] pTkfbg lng ;lsG% .
of] lztf]id b]lv ;dlztf]id xfjfkfgL ePsf] :yfgdf v]tL ug{ ;lsG% . afg:klts
ljsf;sf] nflu udL{ / cfb|{tf ePsf] t/ km"n km"Ng tyf kfSg] a]nf
#fdnfUg] lbg ePsf] df}zdsf] xfjfkfgL rflxG% . of] ;d'b|;tx b]lv 1000 dL^/ ;Dd /fd|f];+u
v]tL ug{ ;lsG% .
2=hUufsf]
t}of/L M
2-3
k^s ulx/f] hf]tfO{ kl% /fd|f] ;+u df^f] ldnfPsf], *Nnf km'^]sf] x'g' kg]{,
emf/kft gePsf] /fd|f] lr:ofg x'g] u/L hUuf t}of/L ug'{ k%{ .
3=ljp
nufpg] ;doM
of] afnL h'g s'g} ;dodf nufpg ;lsG% t/ km"n
km"Ng] a]nf w]/} lr;f] / jiff{ x'g] a]nf afx]s nufpg' k%{ lsg eg] dfx'/L
sf] cfjfudg sd x'g'sf ;fy} k/fux? jiff{ / lztn] aufpg] ub{%, kmn:j?k pTkfbg #^\% . pko'Qm ;do
-s_ >fj)f bf>f] xKtf b]lv ebf}+ t]>f] xKtf ;Dd
-v_ sflt{s t];|f] xKtf b]lv d+zL/ bf>f] xKtf ;Dd
-u_ df# t>f] xKtf b]lv kmfNu'g bf>f] xKtf ;Dd .
4=ljp
b/ / pkrf/
ljpnfO{ jlj:^Lg, P/]^fg, ;]/]^fg Pufnf]n
dWo] s'g}af^ 3 ufd k|lt lsnf] ljpsf] b/n] pkrf/ ug'{k%{ . xfOlj|* ljp eP 200-300 u|fd k|lt s¶f, pGgt ljp eP tyf
bfgf &"nf] eP 250 u|fd k|lt s¶f ljp nfUb% .
5=hftx?
M
pGgt hft M df]/*g, ;L=cf=1,
;L=cf=2, ;L=cf=3, k]/]*f]aLs, cd/fd^{ .
xfOlj|* M Hjfnfd'vL,
Pd=P;=Pkm=, Pr 8, P;=Pr= 3322, lk=P=;L=8699, lk=P=;L=36, Pg=P;=Pkm=Pr= 555, c?
w]/} sDkgL h:t} KjfOgLo/, gfdwf/L, gfy sDkgLx?n] cg]s hftx? ljqmLdf NofPsf] % .
6=nufpg]
t/Lsf
/fd|f] c+s'/)f / /fd|f] lj?jf a[l$sf] nflu
k|z:t lr:ofg ePsf] df^f]df 5 ;]=dL= jf 2 OGr ulx/f]df nfOg b]lv nfOg 2 kmL^ /
jf]^ b]lv jf]^ 1 kmL^ jf 1=5 kmL^ -cUnf] hft eP_ b'/Ldf v'kL{n] cyjf xnf]sf]
l;of]sf] k%f*L ljp b'O{-b'O{ j^f /fVg' kb%{ . kl% pd|] kl% sdhf]/ lj?jf pv]Ng'
k%{ .
7=dnvfb
/fd|f] s'x]sf] uf]a/ dn hdLgsf] t}of/L ubf{
k|lt s¶f 30-35*f]sf] jf ^f]s/L xfn]/ /fd|/L ld;fpg' k%{ . k|lt s¶f 4-5 ls=u|f=*L=P=kL=, 2-2=5 ls=u|f= b'/Ldf, 2-2=5 ls=u|f= Do"/]^ kf]^f; / 300
u|f= sfN*fg -ls/fsf] nfuL_ xfNg'k%{ .
35 lbgdf klxnf] l;rfO{ / uf]*fO{ kl% 2=5 ls=u|f= sf]
b/n] o'/Lof k'gM xfNg'k%{ . o"l/of dnsf] ;^f ufOj:t'sf] lk;fj 1efudf 4 jf
5efu kfgL ld;fO{ 3 k^s :k|] u/]df /fd|f] pTkfbg lbG% .
9=uf]*d]n
tyf ps]/f
4-5 xKtfdf emf/kftnfO{ lgsfn]/ ps]/f
nufpg' k%{ h;n] ubf{ l;rfO{ ug{ / xfjfn] af]^ (fNgaf^ arfp% .
8= l;+rfO{
udL{ df}zddf nufpg] ;"o{d"vLdf 3
k^s 30-35
lbg, 50-55
lbg / 75-80
lbgdf l;+rfO{ ug'{k%{ . l;+rfO{ sd ePdf 10-30% ;Dd pTkfbg #^g ;S% . pd|g] a]nf, %ftf lgl:sg], km"n
km"Ng] tyf bfgf nfUg] a]nf l;+rfO{sf] nflu ;+a]bgl;n cj:yf xf] .
10=;"uf
r/faf^ arfj^
klxnf] k^s tyf Psn jfnL ePsf] cj:yfdf
km"n km"Ng] a]nf cyjf cGtLd 30 lbg ;"uf / cGo r/fx?af^ arfpg'
kg]{ x'G% . o;sf] nflu :yfgLo ?kdf s};]^sf] /Ln rf/}lt/ em'G*\ofpg], &"nf] cfjfh cfpg] ^Lg jf *«d km^fsf
ahfpg' kb{{% .
11= /f]u ls/f Joj:yfkg
o;df r';fxf ls/f KnfG^ ju -kt]/f]_ / kft tyf
bfgf vfg] em'l;n] ls/fsf] k|sf]k a(L g} b]lvG% . lj?jf ;fgf] %+bf yfof]*fg 2
Pd=Pn=jf Snf]/f]kfO/Lkmf]; 2 Pd=Pn= k|lt nL^/sf] b/n] af]^ /fd|f] ;+u leHg]u/L
%g{' k%{ . r';fxf ls/fsf] nfuL *]l;; 1=5 ld=nL=jf /f]u/ 1=5 ld=nL= k|lt nL^/sf]
b/n] :k|] ug'{ k%{ . af]^ cf]Olng] /f]usf] nfuL /fd|f];+u
ljp pkrf/ u/]/ ljp nufPdf /f]u nfUgaf^ arfp% . ljleGg ls/fx?sf] nflu gLdsf] kft
ufO{j:t'sf] lk;fadf ld;fO{ %/]df jf ahf/df kfPg] gLddf cfwfl/t ljiffbL 3 ld=ln=
k|lt ln^/ kfgLsf] b/n] %/]df /;folgs ljiffbL %g'{ kb}{g / jftfj/)fdf gs/fTds
c;/ kb}{g .
12=jfnL sf^\g]
hft cg';f/ 85 b]vL 115 lbgdf t}of/ x'G% .
%ftfsf] k%fl*sf] efu kx]nf] tyf k"mnsf] jl/k/L kx]nf] efu emg{ yfN% / bfgf sfnf] ePsf] b]lvG% . %ftfnfO{ sf^]/ 1,
2 lbg #fddf ;'sfP/ n&Ln] r'^]/ bfgf lgsfNg' k%{ . ;fy} ;kmfu/]/ /fd|/L ;'sfP/ jf]/fdf xfNg'k%{ . *f+& /
jf+sL %ftfnfO{ bfp/f / sDkf]i^ dn sf] ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ ul/G% .
13=pTkfbg
hft df};d / :ofxf/
;';f/ cg';f/ k|lts¶f 60 b]vL 100 s]=hL= ;Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsG% .
14=ahf/
Joj:yfkg
ljpnfO{ cfkm} klg tf]/L h:t} ldndf k]nfpg
;lsG% . t/ t]n sd cfpg] ;+efjgf x'G% . o;sf] nflu ljz]if lsl;dn] ;'o{d'vL t]n
lgsfNg] ldndf k]lnG% geP /fd|f];+u k}lsª u/]/ glhssf] jhf/df ljqmL ug{ ;lsG% .
;'v]{tsf s[ifsx?n] ;"o{d"vLsf] bfgfnfO{ kfgLdf le+hfO ;'sfo/
sf&sf] hf+tf]df lkl; af]qmf x^fP/ ldndf k]nfP/ vfg] ub{% .
Joj;flos lx;fan] v]tL
u/L cfDbfgL ug{ nflu s'g} pBf]ukltn] bfgfaf^ a(L t]n lgyfg]{ dzLg NofP/ o;sf] t]nsf]
ljlwjt Joj;fo u/]df pBf]uL tyf s[ifsx? ;d]tnfO{ a(L kmfObf eO{ b]zsf] cy{tGqdf
&"nf] ;xof]u k'Ug] x'G% . ;fy} jg h+un hf]lug], df^f]df kz'j:t'sf] dn
a(L k|of]u eO{ pj{/f zlQm sfod x'g] / dflg;x?sf] d'^' ;DjGwL ;d:of ;d]t #^\g]
x'G% . o;sf] k|jw{gsf] nflu ;/sf/sf] Wofg
lgltut Joj:yf, cg';+wfg tyf cg'bfgdf hf]* lbg' lgtfGt cfjZos b]lvG% .
>Leujfg &fs'/
s[lif
ljz]if!
o'=Pg=*L=kL=,Pn=cf/=kL=
sbthakur500@rediffmail.com
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