जलवायु परिवर्तन एक गंभीर सवाल

hnjfo' kl/jt{g Ps u+eL/ ;jfn

8f=>Leujfg 7fs'/

k[i7e"ldM

hnjfo' kl/jt{g ljZjJofkL ;afn /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn h:tf cltsd ljslzt /fi6«x?sf] nflu hnjfo' kl/jt{g jftfj/0fLo Pj+ ;fdflhs r'gf}ltsf] ?kdf a9L b]vfk/]sf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/x? b]ze/ cg'ej ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 . :yfgLo ;d'bfox?n] jiff{sf] k|s[ltdf kl/jt{g eO/x]sf] b]lv/x]sf 5g\ h:t}M lxp+bdf jiff{ x'g] qmd 36]sf] 5 .

tfkqmddf klg plts} km]/ abn cfO{ lxpF kg]{ 7fpFdf lxpF gkg]{, hf8f] nfUg] 7fpFdf udL{, xfjfx'/Ldf kl/jt{g, hLjhGt' tyf jg:kltsf] Jojxf/df km/s, cflb dxz'; ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 . jiff{÷udL{sf] ;do emg udL{ x'+b} uPsf] / lxp+bsf] ;dodf sd lr;f], hf8f] cjlw 36\g] tyf udL{ a9]sf], ;'Vvf, xfjfx'/L, lztnx/L dxz'; ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 eg] kfgLsf >f]tx? ;'ls/x]sf] eGg] cfd wf/0ff g} eO{;s]sf] 5 . af9L, klx/f], cl;gf, e"–Ifosf] dfqfdf a[l4 x'+b} uPsf], agdf x'g] cfunfuLsf] 36gfdf a[l4, /f]uJoflwdf a[l4, h+unL hgfj/x?sf k|sf]k, cflb hnjfo' kl/jt{g ePsf] sf/0f dflgG5 .

oL ;Dk"0f{ c;/x?n] ;du|df :yfgLo:t/df s[lif afnL tyf kz' pTkfbgdf gsf/fTds of]ubfg k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . oL gs/fTds c;/n] dfgj, kz'j:t', afnL gfnL, ag h+un, kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL, h}ljsljljwtf, phf{, :jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL, k"jf{wf/, cflb k|To]s If]q k|efljt ePsf] 5 . kmn:j?k dfgjsf] hLljsf]kfh{g sl7g x'g k'u]sf] cj:yf 5 . 

o; ;d:of;+Fu h'Wg s]xL 3/kl/jf/x? zx/lt/ a;f+O{ ;/fO{ u/]sf 5g\ eg] s]xLn] /f]huf/Lsf] nflu cfkm\gf ;b:onfO{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/df k7fPsf kfOG5 .

kl/efiffM

;fwf/0ftof df};d / hnjfo'sf] a'emfO{ ;dfg lsl;dsf] dflgG5 . t/ o;df leGgtf /xs]f 5 . df};d eg]sf] s'g} :yfgsf] jfo'd08nsf] 5f]6f] ;dosf] cj:yf -j9Ldf @ xKtf_ — tfkqmd, cf4{tf, xfjf, jiff{, xfjfsf] rfk, cflb a'lemG5 . t/ hnjfo' eg]sf] df};dsf] nfdf] ;dosf] cf}ift cj:yf tyf k|a[lt -;fdfGotof #) jif{_ nfO{ a'lemG5 .

hnjfo' kl/jt{g nfdf] cjlwsf] tfkqmd / jiff{df ePsf] x]/km]/nfO{ a'lemG5, of] j}1fgLs kIf klg xf] .

df};d kl/jt{g eO{ /xG5 t/ hnjfo' nfdf] ;do;Dd l:y/ /xG5 . nfdf] ;do;Dd l:y/ x'g'kg]{ hnjfo'df cgk]IfLt ?kdf xfn kl/jt{g cfO{/x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf k|lt jif{ )=)%^ l8=;]=u|]=n] tfkqmd al9 /x]sf] 5 eg] jiff{ % b]lv !) k|ltztn] al9/x]sf] hnjfo' tyf df}zd lj1fg ljefusf] k|ltj]bgn] b]vfpF5 .

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf d'Vo sf/0fx?M

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] d'Vo sf/0f jftfj/0fdf /x]sf lglZrt xl/tu[x Uof+;x? -sfa{g8fO{cS;fO8, ldy]g, cflb_ sf] dfqfdf ePsf] pNn]Vo a[l4nfO{ dflgPsf] 5 . o;n] k[YjLsf] tfkdfgdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;"o{sf] k|sfz, k[YjLsf] sIf, e"–Kn]6 d'ed]G6, Hjfnfd"vL lj:kmf]6 tyf xl/tu[x Uof;x?sf] dfqfdf a[l4n] ubf{ x'G5 . sfj{g 8fO{cS;fO8 -%^Ü_, ldy]g -!*Ü_, ;Nkm/ x]Shf Snf]/fO{8 -!#Ü_, cf]hg -&Ü_, gfO{6«; cS;fO8 -^Ü_, / kfgLsf] jfkm xl/tu[x Uof+;x? x'g .

;+;f/df k|To]s gfu/Lsn] cf}ztdf jflif{s $,)*) ls=u||f= xl/tu[x Uof+; pT;h{g ub{5 . ufO{af6 dfq k|ltjif{ #,%)) ls=u||f, afv|fjf6 #&) ls=u||f=, k|To]s !)) 3+6f sDKo"6/ k|of]uaf6 ( ls=u||f, k|lt jif{ 6]nLlehgsf] k|of]uaf6 @# ls=u||f=, cf}ztdf Ps jif{df cd]/Lsg vfgfaf6 @,!() ls=u||f=, df++;fxf/L vfgf af6 !@@) ls=u||f= tyf ;fsfxf/L ef]hgaf6 !() ls=u||f=k|lt jif{ xl/tu[x Uof+; pT;h{g x'G5 .

Hfnjfo' kl/jt{gsf :yfgLo:t/;Ddsf] hf]vLdtf

xl/tu[x Uof+; pT;h{gdf ljsl;t /fi6«x? a9L lhDd]jf/ eP tfklg c;/sf] eflubf/ eg] ljZjsf ;a} /fi6«x? x'g . t/ cNk ljsl;t tyf clt sd ljsl;t /fi6«x? a9L k|efljt ePsf 5g\ .

g]kfn h:tf ul/a d"n'sx? ;Lldt >f]t / ;fwgsf] sf/0f hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/;+u ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfdf sdL x'+bf a9L kLl8t eO{/x]sf] cj:yf 5  . o;}u/L g]kfn leq klg ul/a tyf l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo, ljs6 tyf t/fO{dw]zdf a9L hf]lvd dxz'; ePsf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] d'Vo tTj eg]sf] :yfgLo:t/df x'g] clglZrttf g} xf] . :yfgLo xfjfkfgLdf x'g] clglZrttfn] ubf{ u/Lj ljkGg ;d'bfox?sf] b}lgs hLjg hf]lvddf kb{5g\ .

hnjfo" kl/jt{gsf cg'dflgt k|efjx?M

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] hf]vLdsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] ;g\ @!)) ;Dddf k[YjLsf] cf}ift tfkqmd ^=$ l8u|L ;]G6Lu|]8n] j9\g]5 . tfkqmd @=% l8u|L dfq} j9\bf klg ;+;f/sf #) k|ltzt k|hftL nf]k x'g] 5g\ . ;g\ @!)) ;Dddf ;d'b|L ;tx $# ;]=ld=n] j9\g] 5 .  @)%) ;Dddf cfs{l6ssf] lxp+ ;dfKt x'g]5 .  x/]s jif{ ^ df ! b]zn] vBfGg ;+s6 em]Ng'kg]{5 .  tLg b]lv ;ft ljlnog dflg;df kfgLsf] xfxf+sf/ kg]{5  egL a}1flgsx?sf] cf+s8f /x]sf] 5 .

To;}n], hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/;+u h'em\g] k|efjsf/L pkfo eg]sf] ;d'bfo:t/df pQm c;/x?;+u ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg]] cg's"ng Ifdtf -tTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg?k_ df a[l4 u/fpg' tyf To;sf ;+s6f;Ggtf 36fpg' xf] .

gLltut Joj:yf

hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf] g]kfn kIf /fi6« ePsf] / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/ dflg;, k"jf{wf/, cfly{s If]q tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]tdf a9\b} uPsf]n]  hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf ;+o'St /fi6««;+3Lo vfsf cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t /fli6«o cg's"ng sfo{qmd -gfkf, @)^^_, :yfgLo cg's"ng sfo{of]hgfsf] /fli6«o ;+/rgf -nfkf, @)^*_ tyf hnjfo' kl/j{tg gLlt -@)^&_ adf]lhd hnjfo' cg's"ngsf sfo{x? sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf5g\ . o;}u/L lj=;+= @)^( ;fnb]lv hnjfo' ljQnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g ah]6 sf]8dfkm{t :yfgLo:t/sf;Dd k'¥ofOPsf] 5 . gfkfn] tTsfn sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg' kg]{ cTofjZos hnjfo' cg's"ngsf sfo{x? sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ Aofks jGb} uPsf]n] dWosfnLg / bL3{sfnLg cg's"ng sfo{x? sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf klg 68\sf/f]?kdf b]lvPsf] 5 .

;g\ @)!) df d]lS;sf]sf] Sofgs'gdf ;DkGg dxf;lGwsf] kIf /fi6«x?sf] !^cf}+ ;Dd]ngaf6 :jLs[t Sofgs'g cg's"ng ;+/rgfdf ljsf;zLn b]zx?n] /fli6«o cg's"ng of]hgf -Gofk_ th'{df u/L dWo / bL3{sfnLg cg's"ngsf sfo{x? sfof{Gjog ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . Sofgs'gdf xfgL tyf gf]S;fgL ;DaGwL sfo{qmd / cg's"ng ;ldltsf] :yfkgf ug]{ ;d]t lg0f{o eof] . tt\kZrft\ ;g\ @)!! Dff blIf0f clk|msfsf] 8af{gdf ;DkGg kIf /fi6«x?sf] !&cf}+ ;Dd]ngn] /fli6«o cg's"ng of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu k|f/lDes lgb]{lzsf lg0f{o u¥of] / clt sd ljsl;t d'n'sx?sf] nflu :yflkt lj1 ;d"xn] ;f] k|f/lDes lgb]{lzsfsf] cfwf/df /fli6«o cg's"ng of]hgf th'{df ug{sf nflu k|fljlws lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L k|sfzg u¥of] . gfkf clt sd ljsl;t d'n'sx?n] dfq} tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog u/] eg] Gofk ;j} ljsf;zLn b]zx?n] th'{df u/L sfo{Gjog ug]{5g\ .  /fli6«o cg's"ng of]hgf th'{dfsf] D'fVotof b'O{j6f p2]Zo /x]sf 5g\ . -s_ cg's"ng Ifdtf / ;dfg's"lnt ljsf;sf] dfWodaf6 hnjfo' ;++j]bgzLn If]qdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] lgDTofPsf] ;ª\s6f;Ggtf Go"gLs/0f ug]{, / -v_ ljBdfg tyf gofF ;fGble{s gLlt, sfo{qmd / ultljlwx?, ljz]iftM ljsf; of]hgf lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmof / /0fgLltx?df pko'Qmtfsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt If]q / txx?df ;';+ut tl/sfaf6 hnjfo' cg's"ngnfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{] /xsf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 pQm dxf;lGwsf] s]Gb|ljGb"sf] x}l;otdf sfo{ ul//x]sf] hg;ª\Vof tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno -xfn jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno_ n] lj=;+= @)&@ ;fn c;f]h ! ut] Ps sfo{qmd aLr Gofk th'{df k|ls|of z'? ePsf] ;fj{hlgs u/L ( j6f  ljifout sfo{ ;d"xx? agfO{  ljleGg dGqfnox?;Fu ;dGjo u/L sfo{ cuf8L a9fO{Psf] lyof] . ;f] /fli6«o cg's"ng of]hgf th'{dfsf] k|lqmof k'gM ;'rf?  /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf hnjfo" kl/jt{g dxfzfvf v'n]sf], hnjfo" kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ax';/f]sf/afnfx?sf] ;DfGjo ;ldlt tyf hnjfo" kl/jt{g kl/ifb\ ;d]t /x]sf 5g\ . hnjfo" kl/jt{g gLlt @)^& kl/dfh{g u/L hnjfo" kl/jt{g gLlt @)&^ ;d]t kfl/t ePsf] 5 .

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/x?M

hnjfo' kl/jt{g Tffkqmddf a[l4, aiff{df kl/jt{g tyf xfjfx'/Ldf kl/jt{gn] k|s[lt, dfgj, kz'j:t' tyf dfgjsf ;/f]sf/sf cg]s ljifodf ljleGGf lsl;dsf gs/fTds c;/ k/]sf] 5 . Kffl/l:ylto k|0ffnL tyf h}ljs lalawtf b]lv lnP/ vfB pTkfbg tyf hn >f]t, hg:jf:Yo tyf a;f]af;, ;fdflhs –cfly{s lasf;df gs/fTds c;/ k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf ?kdf kl//x]sf] 5 .

hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] b]zsf] cy{tGq, hg;+Vof,  k|lalw, ;'zf;g Joj:yf ;fem} k|efljt ePsf] 5 . To;sf/0fn] g]kfn h:tf] clt sd ljsl;t /fi6«n] hnjfo' cg's'ng sfo{df tbf?stf b]vfpg' cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . ;fy ;fy}  cg's'ng;+u} xl/tu[x Uof+; pT;h{g_ Go"g x'g] vfnsf k|ljlwdf hf]8 ug'{ kb{5 .

pkfox?M

dfgjLo lqmofsnfkaf6 pT;lh{t xl/tu[x UofF;af6 hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf cfPsf] ltj|tfsf sf/0f Go"gtd xl/tu[x UofF; pT;h{g ug]{ t/ ;ª\s6f;Gg cj:yfdf /x]sf g]kfn h:tf clt sd ljsl;t d'n'ssf AolQm, ;d'bfo / kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnLsf] cg's"ng tyf ;dfg's"ng Ifdtf a9fpg' cTofjZos ePsf] 5 . xl/tu[x UofF;sf] pT;h{g k|fs[lts tyf dfgj l;lh{t k|efjaf6 x'G5 . oL dfgj l;lh{t xl/tu[x UofF;sf] pT;h{gnfO{ xfdL cfkm\gf] lbg rof{df tyf Jojxf/af6 Go"gLs/0f ug'{ kb{5 . sn sf/vfgf, uf8L, jg ljgf;, wfg v]tL, kz'kfng h:tf ljsf;sf sfo{x? jftfj/0fd}qL tyf xl/tu[x UofF;sf] pT;h{g sd ug]{ k|ljlw tyf cEof;x? ;a} lgsfoaf6 x'g' h?/L 5 .

ctM g]kfndf b|'t ultn] a9b} uO{/x]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g dfgj hLjg tyf k|fs[lts k|0ffnLsf ;a} If]qx? k|ToIf?kdf gs/fTds k|efj kl//x]sfn] ;a} kIfn] cf–cfkm\gf] k|of;jf6 cg's"ngsf cg]s pkfox?sf] klxrfg, kl/dfh{g, cg';+wfg, ljsf; tyf k|;f/0f u/L ;dfg's'lnt hLjg jf ;dpTyfgzLn ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfox? ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ u/L ltg} txsf] ;/sf/ nfUg h?/L b]lvG5 . o;sf nflu cNksfnLg, dWosfnLg tyf bL3{sfnLg pofox?M gLltut Joj:yf b]lv lnP/ cWoog cg';+wfg, k}/jL, k|ljlw ljsf;, pkof]u, of]hgf ÷kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f, nufgL, ;+rfng tyf cg'udg d"Nof+sgdf ljz]if Wofg ;/sf/ tyf gfu/Lssf] Wofg hfg' dxTjk"0f{ b]lvG5 .