आय आर्जनका लागि बाख्रा पालन एक लाभदायक व्यवसाय

"cfo cfh{gsf] nflu Affv|f kfng"

            g]kfndf kz'kfng If]qdf afv|f kfngsf]  ljz]if :yfg 5 . afv|fkfngaf6 df;' , dnsf] ;fy} ;'b'/ klZrdf~rn If]qlt/ ;fdfg 9'jfgL sfo{df ;d]t ;+nUg u/fPsf] kfO{G5 . afv|fsf] 5fnf, /f}+ / x8\8L ljleGg lsl;dsf] ;/;fdfg agfpg pkof]udf NofPsf] kfO{G5 . o; afx]s afv|ffsf] b'w k|of]udf k|rlnt geP Tffklg /f]uL , afnsnfO{ ;]jg u/fpg] rng 5 .  o;sf] b'w ;]jgaf6  sdnlkQ, Iff/]/f]usf]] pkrf/df db\b u5{ . To;}n] afv|fnfO{ ax'p2]]ZoLo hgfj/ eGgdf b'O{dt gxf]nf .

       g]kfnsf] tYof+s cg';f/ s'n afv|f ;+Vof %!nfv @!xhf/ ePsf] cg'dfg 5 . h;dWo]%*k|ltzt kxf8L If]qdf, @*k|ltzt t/fO{df a+fsL!$k|ltzt cGo If]qdf afv|f kflnPsf] kfOG5 . To:t}u/L b]zdf pTkfbg x'g] s'n df;' pTkfbgdf #$%%) d]=6g cyf{t\ sl/a !(=* k|ltzt k|ltjif{ cf]u]6f]sf] eP tfklg ;a} hft / wdf{jnDaLn] ?rfP/ vfg] ub{5g\ . afv|fsf] df;df &^=* k|ltzt kfgL , @=^ k|ltzt jf];f], !(=^k|ltzt k|f]l6g / !k|ltzt  vlgh kfOg] ePsf]n] tyf df;'df sd af];f] a8L k|f]l6g ePsf]n] :jflbnf] / :jf:Yos/ x'G5 . 

g]kfndf  kflnPsf  afv|fsf] hftx?

! :j]bzL :yfgLo  hftx?

@ ljb]zL pGgt hftx?

!=:jb]zL :yfgLo hftx? M

-s_ Rof8\u|f M g]kfnsf] pQ/L e]usf] lxdfnL k|b]zdf kfOg] afv|fsf] hft xf] . o; afv|fsf] hft rLgsf] ltAatLo If]q / ef/tsf] sfZdL/ If]qdf k|z:t kflnG5 . Rof8\=u|fsf] z/L/ aflnof] , nfdf], /f+}n] 9fssf] x'G5 . ;fgf] t/ nfdf] 6fpsf], l;wf gfs, ;f¤w'/f] y't'gf / sl;nf] z/L/, a6fl/Psf] l;¨ xG5 . ;'Vvf, lr;f], 708L xfjfkfgL ePsf] 7fp¤df kflng] ePsf]n] zf/Ll/s a[l4b/ sd , jif{sf] Psk6s Jofpg] jo:s afv|f sf] zf/Ll/s tf}n @%–#) s]=hL= / af]sf #)–$) s]=hL= ;Ddsf] x'G5 . zf/Ll/s tf}nsf] cfwf/df sl/a #)∞ j/fj/sf] ef/L af]Sg] Ifdtf o;sf] x'G5 .

-v_ l;Gxfn : pRr kxf8L If]q cyf{t\ %)))–())) l˚6sf] prfO{sf] kxf8df 3'DtL uf]7 kflnG5 . j?jfn jf Dof8=n'8=hftsf] e]8fsf] jyfgdf rg{ ?rfpg] x'G5 . cGo g]kfnL afv|fx? dWo] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] z/L/ ePsf] afv|f xf] . 5f]6f] 6fpsf] , l;wf gfs , lr;f] ;xg] Ifdtf ePsf]n] s]xL dfqfdf klZdgf ;d]t kfOG5 . jo:s afv|f sf] zf/Ll/s tf}n #)–$)s]= hL= / af]sf sl/a %) s]=hL= tf}n;Ddsf] klg kfOG5 .jif{df Psk6s Pp6} kf7f dfq Jofpg] ub{5 . /fd|f] Joj:yfkg cfxf/df gZn ;'wf/ ug{ ;s]df jif{df h'DNofxf kf7fkf7L b/df j[l4 x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 .

-u_ kxf8L afv|f v/L : dWo] kxf8L k|b]zdf kfOg] afv|f nfO{ kxf8L afv|f jf v/L eGg] ul/G5 . of] afv|f ;fgf] , xf]rf], ˚"lt{nf] z/L/, cg'xf/df ;]tf] w;f]{, sfnf], v}/f] /+usf] !%–@%s]=hL= tf}n ePsf] x'G5 eg] af]sfsf] zfl//Ls tf}n @%–#% s]=hL= ;Ddsf] x'G5 .;fwf/0f cj:yfdf @jif{sf] #k6s Jofpg] k|lt j]t @ jf @ eGbf a9L kf7fkf7L x'sf{pg ;Sg] , z/L/sf] t'ngfdf a9L b'w lbg] ePs} sf/0f af6 a9L kf7fkf7L x'sf{pg] ;s]sf] xf] . o; afv|f nfO{ jw'jf u/]/ jf r/fP/ b'a} k|0ffnL cg';f/ kfng ug{ ;lsG5 . dWo kxf8L If]qdf kfOg] ;a} lsl;dsf] emf/kft 3f¤; v/ , 8fn]3f¤; ?rfP/ vfg] ub{5 . o; hftsf] afv|fx?Aff6 5gf}6 u/L kfng kf]if0f u/]df cGo pGgt hftsf] afv|fn] eGbf a9L cfly{s ˚fObf lng ;lsG5 .

-3_ t/fO{ afv|f M g]kfnsf] t/fO{ e]ult/ kfOg] afv|fsf] hftnfO{ elgG5 . oL t/fO{ afv|f cfkm}df z'4 hftsf] ge} ef/tLo afv|fsf hft;Fu ;ld>0f ePsf] u'0f k|z:t} kfOg] ePsf]n] o;af/] cWoog cg';Gwfg x'g h?/L b]lvG5 . of] afv|f demf}nf cfsf/sf] ljleGg /+u / x]bf{df hd"gfkf/Lsf h:t} hfs p7]sf], nfdf] sfg em'08LPsf] x'G5 . df;' / b'wsf] nflu kflnG5 o;sf] zfl//Ls tf}n !* b]lv #% s]=hL= ;Dd ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .

g]kfndf kfOg] ljb]zL hftsf afv|fx?

-s_ hd'gfkf/L M o; hftsf] afv|f ef/tsf] rDan gbLsf] aLr efu x'b} g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qdf cfOk'u]sf] xf] . o; hftLsf afv|f df]6f]3f6f], nfdf] sfg, gfssf] aLrdf p7]sf], x]bf{ ;'Gb/ b]lvG5 . o; hftsf] afv|fsf] z/L/ 7'nf] ePsf]n] df;' el/g w]/} ;do nfUb5 . jw'jf u/]/ kfNg' eGbf r/gdf rg{ dg k/fpg] ePsf]n] v'nf r/gdf r/fpFbf km:6fpg] ub{5 . lr;f] xfjfkfgLdf TotL km:6fpg ;Sb}g t;y{ t/fO{, leqL db]z / kxf8sf] pi0f xfjfkfgLdf j]zL efudf kfNgsf] nflu pko'Qm x'G5 . ;fwf/0ftof jif{sf] Psk6s Pp6} dfq kf7fkf7L lbg] ub{5 . :yfgLo afv|fdf k|hgg u/fO{ qm; kf7fkf7L pTkfbg u/L df;' / jufn a9fpg] sfo{df nufpg pko'Qm b]lvG5 .

-v_ af/a]l/ M o; afv|fsf] pTklQ clk|msfsf] a]/a]/f eGg] 7fFpaf6 ePsf] xf] . ef/tsf] pQ/ k|b]zdf k|z:t kfn]sf] kfO{G5 . 7f8f sfg / ;fgf] z/L/ v'§f 5f]6f] d[u h:tf] b]lvg] /f}+ rdSbf/ / g/d 6f6]kf6], ;/n :jefj ;fwf/0f cfxf/df klg kfNg ;lsg] ePsf]n] zx/L If]qdf klg kfNg ;lsg] / rg{ dg k/fpg] ePsf]n] jw'Fjf u/L kfNgsf] nflu pko'Qm{ x'G5 . k|foM Ps j]tdf @ jf @ eGbf a9L kf7f lbg] @ jif{df # k6s Jofpg ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf]n] t/fO{, leqL dw]zdf pko'Qm hft dfGg ;lsG5 . o; afv|faf6 k|ltj]t @))–@@% ln= b'w lng klg ;lsG5 .

           pk/f]Qm hd'gfkf/L / jf/jf/L hft df;' Pj+ b'wsf] nflu kfNg ;lsG5 . vf;u/L b'wsf] nfuL kflng] afv|fsf] hft o; k|sf/sf] 5 .

-u_ ;fgg\ M o; hftsf] afv|f Oh/fO{naf6 g]kfndf b'w pTkfbgsf] nflu @)@* ;fnlt/ NofOPsf] lyof] . o;sf] /+u ;]tf] lqmd /+usf] x'G5 . o; afv|fsf] l;+u cS;/ u/L x'Fb}g . ljsl;t kmfFrf] ePsf]n] k|ltlbg @–$ s]=hL=;Dd b'w lbG5 . b'wdf cf};t lrNnf] kbfy{ #=%Ü ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . u/d, ;'Vvf xfjfkfgLdf /fd|f];Fu km:6fp5 . z'4 ;fgg\ afv|fnfO{ /fd|f] cfxf/ / Joj:yfkgsf] clt h?/L k5{ . g]kfndf afv|fsf] b'w k|Voft gePsf] sf/0faf6 o; hftsf] afv|f s[ifsx?n] dg k/fpg] ub}{g t/ :yfgLo afv|fdf qm; u/fO{ hGd]sf afv|fx? eg] df;'sf] nflu pko'Qm{ 7x¥ofOPsf] 5 . ;fggsf] qm; kf7f $ dlxgfsf] pd]/df !^ s]=hL= tf}n ePsf] 5 . o; afx]s ef/tLo hftsf afv|f lj6n, cfh d]/L ;d]t g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qdf NofO{ kfnL cfPsf] kfOG5 . t/ o; ;DalGw cWoog cg';Gwfg x'g afFsL g} 5 To:t} Go"lhNof08 b]zsf] lssf] hftsf afv|f -a|f]On/ afv|f_ ;d]t g]kfndf NofO{ cWoog cg';Gwfg e}/x]sf] 5 .

5gf}6 k|lqmof

           afv|fkfngaf6 a9L kmfObf lngsf] nflu 5gf}6 k|ljlwx? ckgfO{ 5gf}6 u/L pko'Qm afv|f vl/b ug]{ jf uf]7df /fvL kfng ug'{ k5{ cGoyf kmfObf lng ;lsGg . 5gf}6 ug]{ ljlwGg j}1flgs k|ljlwx? eP tfklg ;lhn} 5gf}6 ug]{ k|ljlwx? ckgfO{ pko'Qm afv|fx? dfq /fvL k|hgg\sf] nflu /fVg' kg]{ .

·      afv|f km'lt{nf], bfgfkfgL ?rfP/ vfg], 5fnf / /f}+x? ;kmf / rlDsnf] To:t} cfFvf, sfg / d'v /l;nf], pd]/ cg';f/ zf/Ll/s a[l4 ePsf]n] :jf:Yo afv|fsf] 5gf}6 ug]{ .

·      v'§f 5f]6f], df]6f], uw{g 5f]6f], 7'nf] z/L/ ePsf] x'g'k5{ .

·      cuf8L / k5f8Laf6 x]bf{ afv|fsf] z/L/ uf]nf] 9'+u|f] h:tf] b]lvg] x'g'k5{ .

·      lkmnf / sfFwdf df;'n] 6Dd el/Psf] x'g'k5{ .

·      a9L b'w lbg] Ifdtf ePsf] a9L kf7fkf7L -hpn] kf7fkf7L lbg]_ hGdfO{ x'sf{pg] Ifdtf ePsf] x'g'k5{ .

·      hGd tf}n a9L -@=) s]=hL= eGbf a9L_ l56f] x's{g], ^ dlxgfsf] pd]/df !% s]=hL= zfl//Ls tf}n eGbf a9L tf}n ePsf] x'g'k5{ .

·      :yfgLo xfjfkgL ;xg ;Sg] / :yfgLo 3fF;kft pkof]u ug{;Sg] vfnsf] x'g'k5{ .

·      hft cg';f/ aflx/L hflto u'0f k|i6 b]lvg] vfnsf] x'g'k5{ .

·      !* dlxg] pd]/df ;a}eGbf a9L zfl//Ls tf}n ePsf afv|fsf] ;Gtfgx? 5gf}6 ug'{k5{ .

·      c:j:Yo, /f]uL, zfl//Ls ljs[lt ePsf afv|fx?nfO{ k|hgg\ gu/fpg] / jufnaf6 5gf}6 u/L x6fO{ xfNg'k5{ .

·      pk/f]Qm 5gf}6 ug{sf] nflu cfjZos clen]v /fVg'k5{ .

k|hgg u/fpFbf ljrf/ k'¥ofpg' kg]{

·      ;fnfvfnf #) afv|Lsf] nflu Ps af]sfaf6 k|hgg\ u/fpg ;lsG5 .

·      k|hgg\sf] nflu kflnPsf af]sf w]/} b'Anf] jf df]6f] x'g'x'b}g\ .

·      k|hgg\sf] nflu /flvPsf] af]sfsf] pd]/ Ps jif{ k'usf]  %÷^ jif{ pd]/;Dd k|hgg\ sfo{df nufpg ;lsG5 .

·      afv|Lsf] pd]/ !) dlxgf k'u]sf] x'g'k5{ .

·      k|To]s ;f9] Ps jif{df af]sf km]g'{k5{ .

·      dfp -afv|L_ ;Fu af]sf Ps} 7fFpdf ld;fO{ g/fVg] .

·      af]sf vf]h]sf] @$ b]lv $* 306fdf af]sf nufpg' k5{ .

·      :yfgLo afv|fsf] pTkfbsTjdf a[l4 Nofpg ld>Lt k|hgg u/fpg' k5{ .

·      708Lsf] ;do -kf}if, df3_ w]/} jiff{ x'g] ;do ->fj0f_ dlxgfdf kf7fkf7L ghGdfpg] u/L k|hgg\ Joj:yf ldnfpg' k5{ . oL ;dodf kf7fkf7L hGdLPdf hf8f] / jiff{n] ubf{ kf7fkf7L d[To'b/ a9L x'g] ub{5 cyf{t kf7fkf7L x'sf{pg ufXf] x'G5 .

r/g tyf cfxf/f

           afv|fsf] :jefj g} ;f–;fgf emf/kft, a'l6ofgx?sf] kft l6kL vfg dg k/fpF5 t;y{ k/Dk/f b]lv g} v'Nnf, kfl/nf] le/kfvf, a'l6ofg If]qdf r/L r/g u/L afv|f kfNg] u/]sf] kfOG5 t/ lxhf] cfh s]6fs]6Lx? :s"n, SofDk;df cWoog/t x'g'sf] ;fy} ufFp3/df ePsf] r/g kfvf hUufx? vfBfGg pTkfbgdf nufPsf] sf/0faf6 lbgk/lbg r/g If]qsf] cefj x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . r/g If]qsf] cefj :yfgx?df jw'Fjf k|0fnL ckgfP/ clgjfo{ x'G5 . hxfF r/gsf] ;'ljwf pknAw 5 ToxfF 3'DtL r/g k|0ffnL ckgfpg] :yfgLo xfjfkfgL ;'xfFpbf] 8fn]3fF;x? nufpg] / x'sf{pg] :yfgLo 3fF;nfO{ ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . cg';Gwfgsf] glthf cg';f/ e'O{ 3fF; / 8fn] 3fF; a/fa/ ePsf] If]qdf r/fPdf afv|fn] vfPsf] b}lgs cfxf/fdf *#Ü 8fn]3fF;sf kft, 8fF7 afFsL !&Ü dfq e'O{3fF; vfPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;af6 hlt dgk/fP/ 8fn]3fF;df kfOg] kf]if0f tTjx? x/]s 3fF;kftdf km/s km/s xg] x'bfF afv|fnfO{ 8fn]3fF;sf] ;fydf e'O{3fF;, k/fn, gn, cGgaf6 lg:s]sf pk–kbfy{x? ld;fO{ v'jfpg' pko'Qm x'G5 .

cfxf/f / 3fF;sf] cfjZostf M 

           afv|fnfO{ 3fF; v'jfpbf afv|fsf] hLljt tf}nsf] #Ü n] x'g] ;'Vvf kbfy{ lbg' cfjZos k5{ . ;'Vvf kbfy{ eGg'sf] dtna xl/of] 3fF;nfO{ ;'Vvf agfpFbf x'g] a:t' xf] . h:t} ! s]=hL= ;'Vvf kbfy{ afv|fn] kfpgsf] nflu sl/a # s]=hL= xl/of] 3fF; v'jfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . afv|fnfO{ cfxf/fsf] Joj:yf ubf{ ltgLx?sf] zfl//Ls l:ytL / pTkfbsTj df};dsf] cfwf/df lbg'k5{ h:t} Jofpg], yf/f, kf7fkf7L, afnL nfUg] a]nfsf] dfp, lxpFb, jiff{ cfbL oL cj:yfdf z/L/sf] ljleGg lqmofx? km/s km/s x'g ;Sb5 .

           afv|f kfngaf6 a9L kmfObf lngsf] nflu k]6e/L xl/of] 3fF; jf 8fn]3fF;sf] cnjf lgDg kl/0ffddf tof/L ;Gt'lnt bfgf jf tnsf] gd"gf cg';f/ bfgf agfO{ v'jfpg ;s]df /fd|f] x'G5 .

afv|fsf] cj:yf		b}lgs bfgf -u|fddf_
		:yfgLo	pGgt
1	yf/f] afv|f -!*) lbg;Dd_	200	300
2	ule{0fL afv|f -^) lbg;Dd_	250–300	350–400
3	af]sf÷v;L	300	400
4	k|hgg\sf] ;dodf afv|f÷af]sf	300	400
5	n}gf afv|f -()lbg;Dd_	350–400	450–500
6	kf7fkf7Lsf] bfgf ^ dlxgf ;Dd	20–60	20–60
7	kf7fkf7L ^ dlxgf kl5	150	200

afv|fsf] ;Gt'lnt bfgf agfpg] tl/sf

!)) s]=hL= ;Gt'lnt bfgf tof/ kfg{ lgDg cg';f/ ;fdfu|L ld;fpg' k5{ .

;fdfu|Lsf] gfd		kl/0fd s]=hL=÷k|ltzt
		kf7fkf7Lsf] nflu	afv|fsf] nflu
1	ds}	60	50
2	ux'Fsf] rf]s/	7	30
3	lkgf	20	10
4	v'bf]	–	7
5	ldg/n ldS:r/	2	2
6	g"g	1	1
7	df5fsf] w'nf]	10	–

gf]6 M ds}sf] ;§fdf wfgsf] 9'6f] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . ux'Fsf] rf]s/sf] ;§fdf rfdnsf] slgsf, sf]bf], hf}+ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

vf]/sf] Joj:yf

·      kxf8L e]udf lr;f]af6 arfpgsf] nflu blIf0f jf k"j{ df]x8f tkm{ uf]7 agfpg] .

·      t/fO{ jf udL{ :yfgdf pQ/ jf klZrd df]x8f kf/]/ uf]7 agfpg] .

·      uf]7 lgdf{0f :yn vfN6f] jf kfgL hDg] x'g' x'b}g .

·      hdLgaf6 # lkm6 prfOdf 6fF8f agfpg' k5{ . vf]/ leq :jR5 xfjf, k|sfz l5g{;Sg] u/L :yfoL jf/sf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

·      afv|fnfO{ lr;f] ePdf 6fF8 d'gLsf] vfnL efudf k|of]udf NofO;s]sf] af]/fn] jf kml/sf] -jf/_ n] 9fsL lbg'k5{ .

·      k|To]s xKtf 6fF8d'gLsf] a8\sf}nfx? lgsfNg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' /fd|f] x'G5 .

·      af]sf, dfp afv|f / kf7fkf7Lx?nfO{ cnu cnu /fVg] lsl;dsf] vf]/ agfpg' k5{ .

·      vf]/ lgdf{0f ubf{ :yfgLo ;fdfu|Laf6 agfOPdf nufgL sd x'g ;Sb5 / h+unL lx;+s hgfj/af6 arfpg] vfnsf] uf]7 x'g'k5{ .

·      /ftdf 3fF; /fVg] -x] ¥ofs_ esf/f] ;d]t x'g' /fd|f] x'G5 .

·      kj{tLo If]qsf] uf]7df # lkm6 prfO{sf] 6fF8 x6fO{ uf]7df ;f]t/sf] k|of]u x'g' h?/L 5 .

ljleGg cj:yfsf afv|fnfO{ rflxg] 7fFp lgDg 5 .

kf7fkf7L Pssf] nflu                 )=# ju{ ld6/

dfp afv|f Pssf] nflu                !=* ju{ ld6/

af]sf÷v;L Pssf] nflu               @=% ju{ ld6/

afv|f kfngdf Joj:yfkg, kIfx?

kf7fkf7Lsf] x]/ljrf/

·      kf7fkf7L hGd]sf] ;dob]lv # lbg;Dd k|z:t lauf}tL b"w vfg lbg] . lauf}tL b"wn] ljleGg /f]u;Fu n8\g] Ifdtfsf] ljsf;sf] ;fy} clt kf]lifnf] x'G5 . lsg ls lauf}+tL b'wdf b'O{ u'gf k|f]6Lg x'G5 .

·      hGd]sf] # xKtf ;Dd b}lgs # k6s b"w v'jfpg' k5{ .

·      # dlxgf b]lv b"w 5'6ofpg] a]nf;Dd b}lgs @ k6s b"w v'jfpg' k5{ .

·      cfdfsf] b'w gk'Ug] ePdf ufO{sf] b"wdf cfwf kfgL ykL vfg lbg' k5{ .

·      b'w 5'6fpg] ;do ;fwf/0ftof ()–!@) lbgsf] pd]/ pko'Qm x'G5 .

·      b'w 5'6fP kl5 cfGtl/s k/lhjL lj?4sf] cf}ifwL v'jfpg] ug'{ k5{ .

·      kf7fsf] zfl//Ls a[l4sf] cfwf/df k|hggsf] nflu cfjZo kf7fsf] 5gf}6 u/L () lbgsf] cjlwdf af]sfnfO{ v;L kfg]{ pko'Qm{ ;do xf] . o; cj:yfdf kf7fnfO{ v;L kf/]/ b'vfO{n] zfl//Ls a[l4df k|lts"n c;/ kb}{g .

afv|fsf] x]/ljrf/

·      hGd]sf] !)–!@ dlxgfsf] sf]/nL afv|fx?df gftf gkg]{ c;n af]sfaf6 k|hgg u/fpg] .

·      Jofpg] afv|fnfO{ yf/f afv|f;Fu h'Wg], wSsf cflbaf6 arfpg] .

·      ljleGg pd]/sf afv|fx?nfO{ afXo tyf cfGtl/s k/hLjL Joj:yfkg sfo{x? ug'{k5{ .