सूर्यमूखी खेती धेरै समस्याका समाधान

;"o{d'vL v]tL w]/} ;d:ofsf ;dfwfg

;"o{d'vL klxn] klxn] ;f}Gbo{tfsf] nflu km"nsf] ?kdf #/ cufl* cyjf #/ ;hfpg k|of]u ul/GYof] . t/ clxn] cfP/ t]nxgsf] ?kdf c;fWo} k|of]u ug{ yflnPsf] % . of] afnL ;f]leot ;+#, cf/h]lG^gf, aNu]l/of, ?dflnof, ^sL{, blIf)f cd]l/sf tyf ef/tdf v]tL ul/G% . t/ of] afnL g]kfnsf] s]xL efudf klg  w]/} yf]/]} If]qkmndf v]tL ul/G% . c? t]nxg jfnL h:t} tf]/L, ;/:+o'{, jbfd, e^df;, ltn em';]ltnx? eGbf ;"o{d'vL :jf:Yojw{s dflgG% . of] t]nnfO{ d'^'sf] /f]u lgDTofpg] sf]n]:^]/f]n cyjf kf]nL cG;}r'/]^]* km}^L Pl;*sf] dfqf Psbd} sd x'g] ePsf]n] /Qmrfk ;+jGwL /f]uLsf] nflu pko'Qm t]n l;$ e};s]sf] % . o;sf] %ftf lg:s] kl% %ftfsf] k%f*L efudf  cf}lS;g eg] a[l$ a${s /;fog h'g ;"o{sf] k|sfzdf %fof+df a:g vfHg] u')f ePsf]n] lbgdf ;"o{d'vL ;"o{lt/ kms]{sf] x'G%, To;}n] o;nfO{ ;'o{d'vL elgG% .

    o;sf] t]ndf c? jfnLsf] t'ngfdf k|f]l^g, le^fldg / vlgh tTjx? j(L g} kfO{G% . o;sf] bfgfdf 38-43%;Dd t]n kb{% eg] tf]/Ldf dfq} 32% t]n kb{% . o;sf] lkgfdf 42%;Dd k|f]l^g kfO{G% . h'g ufO{ e};L, j+u'/, s'v'/fsf] bfgfdf k|of]u ul/G% .

    of] jfnLnfO{ k|sfz cjlw, tfkqmd;+usf] TotL c;/ gug]{ k|lt O{sfO{ j(L pTkfbg lbg] -60-70 s]=hL=÷s¶f_ %f]^f] ;dodf pTkfbg x'g] -85-115 lbg_ jif{df tLg k^s ;Dd v]tL ug{ ;lsg], gub] jfnL ePsf]n] j(L cfDbfgL lng ;lsg], yf]/} l;+rfO{n] k'Ug], /f]u ls/fsf] k|sf]k sd x'g], ;j} lsl;dsf] df^f]df x'g], b'O{ afnLsf] ljrdf lng ;lsg], ufO{a:t'n] g?rfpg], *f++&, vf]:^f / %ftf bfp/fsf] ?kdf k|of]u x'g] ePsf]n] t/fO{ nufot dWo kxf*sf lhNnfx?sf] nflu Psbd} pkof]uL afnL l;$ x'g ;Sb% .

     

    t/fO{sf s]xL lhNnfx?df ljleGg sf/)fx? dWo] %f*f kz'kfngsf] */n] jif{ el/df sDtLdf 3 k^s afnL lng'sf] ;§f Pp^f afnL wfg dfq pTkfbg ul/g] k|yfsf] nfuL Psbd} pko'Qm afnL % h'g wfg sf^]kl% d+lz/df nufP/ r}qdf lng ;lsG% . of] afnLsf] kftdf em'; ePsf]n] ufO{j:t'n] Tolt dg k/fpb}g . of] lhNnfdf bfp/fsf] cefj ePsf]n] ufOj:t'sf] uf]j/nfO{ uf]O&f, -s)*f_ agfP/ afNg] k|yfn] &'nf] dfqfdf lj?jfnfO{ rflxg] kf]ifs tTj h:t} M gfO^«f]hg, kmf;kmf]/;, kf]^f;, ;Nkm/ cflb afNg afWo ePsf] % ;fy} jg h+un s^fg tyf lagf;af^ arfpg klg ;xof]u u/]sf] % . olb of] afnL nufpg kfP bfp/fsf] ;d:of xn x'g'sf ;fy} ufO{j:t'sf] uf]a/ v]taf/Ldf k|of]u eO{ ljb]zaf^ lelqg] dn jfkt ltl/g] d'b|f arfpg ;lsG% . of] afnLn] dxsf] pTkfbgdf a[l$ u/L dfx'/L Joj;fo ;d]tnfO{ ;s/fTds k|efj kfb{% . o:sf] h/f df^F]sf] leq;Dd hfg] ePsf]n] ulx/f];Dd /x]sf] vfBtTjnfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;Ifd x'G% . dflysf ;Dk")f{ u')fx?n] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ sd ug{ pNn]vgLo e"ldsf v]Nb% .

ctM o;nfO{ g]kfnsf] t/fO{ tyf dWo kxf*df d"Vo afnL;+usf] anL rqmdf ;'xfp+bf] x'g] u/L v]tL u/L k|lt OsfO If]qkmndf a(L eGbf a(L cfDbfgL lng'sf;fy} jftfj/)fnfO{ ;d]t hf]ufpg ;lsG% .

pGgt k|ljlw

   ;"o{d"vL v]tL ds} v]tL ug]{ k|ljlw h:t} s'/fx? kb{% .

1=df^f]sf] lsl;d / xfjfkfgL M

kfgL ghDg], /fd|f] lgsf;sf] Joj:yf ePsf] bf]d^ df^f], kL=Pr=6=5-8 ;Dddf /fd|f] pTkfbg lng ;lsG% . of] lztf]id b]lv ;dlztf]id xfjfkfgL ePsf] :yfgdf v]tL ug{ ;lsG% . afg:klts ljsf;sf] nflu udL{ / cfb|{tf ePsf] t/ km"n km"Ng tyf kfSg] a]nf #fdnfUg] lbg ePsf] df}zdsf] xfjfkfgL rflxG% . of] ;d'b|;tx b]lv 1000 dL^/ ;Dd /fd|f];+u v]tL ug{ ;lsG% .

2=hUufsf] t}of/L M

2-3 k^s ulx/f] hf]tfO{ kl% /fd|f] ;+u df^f] ldnfPsf], *Nnf km'^]sf] x'g' kg]{, emf/kft gePsf] /fd|f] lr:ofg x'g] u/L hUuf t}of/L ug'{ k%{ .

3=ljp nufpg] ;doM

of] afnL h'g s'g} ;dodf nufpg ;lsG% t/ km"n km"Ng] a]nf w]/} lr;f] / jiff{ x'g] a]nf afx]s nufpg' k%{ lsg eg] dfx'/L sf] cfjfudg sd x'g'sf ;fy} k/fux? jiff{ / lztn] aufpg] ub{%, kmn:j?k pTkfbg #^\% . pko'Qm ;do

-s_ >fj)f bf>f] xKtf b]lv ebf}+ t]>f] xKtf ;Dd

-v_ sflt{s t];|f] xKtf b]lv d+zL/ bf>f] xKtf ;Dd

-u_ df# t>f] xKtf b]lv kmfNu'g bf>f] xKtf ;Dd .

4=ljp b/ / pkrf/

ljpnfO{ jlj:^Lg, P/]^fg, ;]/]^fg Pufnf]n dWo] s'g}af^ 3 ufd k|lt lsnf] ljpsf] b/n] pkrf/ ug'{k%{ . xfOlj|* ljp eP 200-300 u|fd k|lt s¶f, pGgt ljp eP tyf bfgf &"nf] eP 250 u|fd k|lt s¶f ljp nfUb% .

5=hftx? M     

pGgt hft M df]/*g, ;L=cf=1, ;L=cf=2, ;L=cf=3, k]/]*f]aLs, cd/fd^{ .

xfOlj|* M Hjfnfd'vL, Pd=P;=Pkm=, Pr 8, P;=Pr= 3322, lk=P=;L=8699, lk=P=;L=36, Pg=P;=Pkm=Pr= 555, c? w]/} sDkgL h:t} KjfOgLo/, gfdwf/L, gfy sDkgLx?n] cg]s hftx? ljqmLdf NofPsf] % .

6=nufpg] t/Lsf

/fd|f] c+s'/)f / /fd|f] lj?jf a[l$sf] nflu k|z:t lr:ofg ePsf] df^f]df 5 ;]=dL= jf 2 OGr ulx/f]df nfOg b]lv nfOg 2 kmL^ / jf]^ b]lv jf]^ 1 kmL^ jf 1=5 kmL^ -cUnf] hft eP_ b'/Ldf v'kL{n] cyjf xnf]sf] l;of]sf] k%f*L ljp b'O{-b'O{ j^f /fVg' kb%{ . kl% pd|] kl% sdhf]/ lj?jf pv]Ng' k%{ .

7=dnvfb

/fd|f] s'x]sf] uf]a/ dn hdLgsf] t}of/L ubf{ k|lt s¶f 30-35*f]sf] jf ^f]s/L xfn]/ /fd|/L ld;fpg' k%{ . k|lt s¶f 4-5 ls=u|f=*L=P=kL=, 2-2=5 ls=u|f= b'/Ldf, 2-2=5 ls=u|f= Do"/]^ kf]^f; / 300 u|f= sfN*fg -ls/fsf] nfuL_ xfNg'k%{ .

35 lbgdf klxnf] l;rfO{ / uf]*fO{ kl% 2=5 ls=u|f= sf] b/n] o'/Lof k'gM xfNg'k%{ . o"l/of dnsf] ;^f ufOj:t'sf] lk;fj 1efudf 4 jf 5efu kfgL ld;fO{ 3 k^s :k|] u/]df /fd|f] pTkfbg lbG% .

9=uf]*d]n tyf ps]/f

4-5 xKtfdf emf/kftnfO{ lgsfn]/ ps]/f nufpg' k%{ h;n] ubf{ l;rfO{ ug{ / xfjfn] af]^ (fNgaf^ arfp% .

8= l;+rfO{

udL{ df}zddf nufpg] ;"o{d"vLdf 3 k^s 30-35 lbg, 50-55 lbg / 75-80 lbgdf l;+rfO{ ug'{k%{ . l;+rfO{ sd ePdf 10-30% ;Dd pTkfbg #^g ;S% . pd|g] a]nf, %ftf lgl:sg], km"n km"Ng] tyf bfgf nfUg] a]nf l;+rfO{sf] nflu ;+a]bgl;n cj:yf xf] .

10=;"uf r/faf^ arfj^

klxnf] k^s tyf Psn jfnL ePsf] cj:yfdf km"n km"Ng] a]nf cyjf cGtLd 30 lbg ;"uf / cGo r/fx?af^ arfpg' kg]{ x'G% . o;sf] nflu :yfgLo ?kdf  s};]^sf] /Ln rf/}lt/ em'G*\ofpg],  &"nf] cfjfh cfpg] ^Lg jf *«d km^fsf ahfpg' kb{{% .

11= /f]u ls/f Joj:yfkg

o;df r';fxf ls/f KnfG^ ju -kt]/f]_ / kft tyf bfgf vfg] em'l;n] ls/fsf] k|sf]k a(L g} b]lvG% . lj?jf ;fgf] %+bf yfof]*fg 2 Pd=Pn=jf Snf]/f]kfO/Lkmf]; 2 Pd=Pn= k|lt nL^/sf] b/n] af]^ /fd|f] ;+u leHg]u/L %g{' k%{ . r';fxf ls/fsf] nfuL *]l;; 1=5 ld=nL=jf /f]u/ 1=5 ld=nL= k|lt nL^/sf] b/n] :k|] ug'{ k%{ . af]^ cf]Olng] /f]usf] nfuL /fd|f];+u ljp pkrf/ u/]/ ljp nufPdf /f]u nfUgaf^ arfp% . ljleGg ls/fx?sf] nflu gLdsf] kft ufO{j:t'sf] lk;fadf ld;fO{ %/]df jf ahf/df kfPg] gLddf cfwfl/t ljiffbL 3 ld=ln= k|lt ln^/ kfgLsf] b/n] %/]df /;folgs ljiffbL %g'{ kb}{g / jftfj/)fdf gs/fTds c;/ kb}{g .

12=jfnL sf^\g]

hft cg';f/ 85 b]vL 115 lbgdf t}of/ x'G% . %ftfsf] k%fl*sf] efu kx]nf] tyf k"mnsf] jl/k/L kx]nf] efu emg{ yfN%   / bfgf sfnf] ePsf] b]lvG% . %ftfnfO{ sf^]/ 1, 2 lbg #fddf ;'sfP/ n&Ln] r'^]/ bfgf lgsfNg' k%{ . ;fy} ;kmfu/]/  /fd|/L ;'sfP/ jf]/fdf xfNg'k%{ . *f+& / jf+sL %ftfnfO{ bfp/f / sDkf]i^ dn sf] ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ ul/G% .

13=pTkfbg

hft df};d / :ofxf/ ;';f/ cg';f/ k|lts¶f 60 b]vL 100 s]=hL= ;Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsG% .

14=ahf/ Joj:yfkg

ljpnfO{ cfkm} klg tf]/L h:t} ldndf k]nfpg ;lsG% . t/ t]n sd cfpg] ;+efjgf x'G% . o;sf] nflu ljz]if lsl;dn] ;'o{d'vL t]n lgsfNg] ldndf k]lnG% geP /fd|f];+u k}lsª u/]/ glhssf] jhf/df ljqmL ug{ ;lsG% . ;'v]{tsf s[ifsx?n] ;"o{d"vLsf] bfgfnfO{ kfgLdf le+hfO ;'sfo/ sf&sf] hf+tf]df lkl; af]qmf x^fP/ ldndf k]nfP/ vfg] ub{% .

Joj;flos lx;fan] v]tL u/L cfDbfgL ug{ nflu s'g} pBf]ukltn] bfgfaf^ a(L t]n lgyfg]{ dzLg NofP/ o;sf] t]nsf] ljlwjt Joj;fo u/]df pBf]uL tyf s[ifsx? ;d]tnfO{ a(L kmfObf eO{ b]zsf] cy{tGqdf &"nf] ;xof]u k'Ug] x'G% .

>L eujfg &fs'/

sfo{qmd clws[t

P;=P;=Pd=kL=