पशुमूत्र संकलन तथा उपयोग

पृष्ठभूमि

xl/t s|flGtsf] cfudg;Fu} s[lif If]qdf pTkfbg j[l4sf nflu w]/} dfqfdf cfofltt ;|f]tx?sf] k|of]usf] z'?cft ePsf] 5 . vfBfg pTkfbg a9fpgsf] nflu hyfefjL ?kdf /f;folgs dn, ljiffbL, ;'Id tTj, cflbsf] k|of]u x'g nfUof] . hg;+Vof a[l4;+u} s[lif sfo{ Joj;flos ?kdf j9\b} hfFbf oL cfofltt j:t'sf] k|of]udf lta|tf cfPsf] tyf /f]u / sL/fsf] k|sf]k klg a9\b} uPsf] 5 . /f]u / sL/fn] dfq} s[lif afnLdf @% b]lv #) k|ltzt;Dd pTkfbgdf x|f; NofpF5 . hg;+Vof j[l4, hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] jftfj/0f / s[lif pTkfbSjdf kf/]sf] gs/fTds k|efj, vfBfg ;+s6, o'jf ljb]z knfog h:tf ;d:ofx?n] s[lifIf]q clt g} k|efljt ePsf] 5 .

tL /f;folgs j:t'x?sf] k|of]un] s[lif pTkfbgdf t Ifl0fs j[l4 x'G5 t/ ljz]if u/]/ /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] k|of]un] dflg; / kz'j:t'sf] :jf:Yo tyf jftfj/0fdf eg] gsf/fTds c;/ kfl//x]sf] 5 . oL /f;folgs ljiffbL clgolGqt / hyfefjL ?kn]k|of]u ubf{ pTkGg x'g] ;d:of s[ifsx?n] klg ef]Ub} cfPsf 5 .  /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] k|of]unfO{ Go"lgs/0f ub}{ Pj+ /f]u sL/fsf]PsLs[t Joj:yfkgnfO{ klg ;Fu};Fu} nfg] qmddf h}ljs jf jfg:tLs ljiffbLsf] cjwf/0ff cfPsf] 5 . s]lx s[ifsx?n] /f;folgs ljiffbLsf] gsf/fTds c;/af/] 1fg e} ;s]sf]n] cfˆg} 3/jl/kl/ kfOg] ag:klt / Hf}ljs a:t'sf] k|of]u ul/ /f]u ls/f Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsG5 . olt dfq ge} xfd|f k"j{hx?n] k|of]u ub}{ cfO/x]sf k|ljlwx? klg /f]u sL/f Joj:yfkg ug{ pko'St dflgPsf] 5 . oL tl/sfx?n] dfgj :jf:Yo tyf jftfj/0fdf gsf/fTds c;/ sd ug{ ;lsG5 .

csf]{ tkm{, ufO{j:t'sf] ux'Ft / uf]a/sf] ;d'lrt Joj:yfkg g x'Fbf nfvf}+ ?k}of a/fj/sf] af]6 lj?jfsf cfjZos tTjx? v]/ hfg] / hnjfo' kl/jt{gnfO{ ;xof]u k'Øfpg] xl/t u[x UofF; pT;h{g a9fpg] sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 . ufO{j:t'sf] uf]a/ eGbf a9L zlQmzfnL lk;fanfO{ ;d'lrt Joj:yfkg ug{ 68\sf/f] b]lvG5 .

kz'j:t'sf] lk;fasf] dxTjM

ufO{sf] ux'Ftdf ePsf] ljleGg /;fogx? -lqmof6Llgg, ;Nkm/, sfaf]{lns Pl;8, km]gf]n, s]xL nj0f, le6fdLg cflb_ df PlG6AofS6]l/on, PlG6km+un, PlG6efP/n, PlG6SofG;/, ef]s a9fpg Pj+ kfrg, /ut, lk;fa, k|hgg -of}g b'a{ntf_ ;DaGwL ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ u'0fx? kfO{G5g\ . wfld{s ;fF:s[lts lx;fjn] klg uf]d'qsf] clt g} dxTJf /xs]f 5 .

g]kfndf s/La ufO{ e}+;Lsf] ;+Vof! s/f]8 @% nfv @% xhf/ $ ;o *% /x]sf] 5 - kz' ;]jf ljefu @)&$÷&%_.;fwf/0ftof Pp6f ufO{j:t' -#)) lsnf] jhgsf]_ ! lbgdf ;/b/ !*–@) nL6/ lk;fj u5{g t/ s[ifssf] 3/df ;fgf 7"nf u/L ;/b/ k|lt lbg $ ln6/sf b/n] cg'dfg u/]/ lx;fa ubf{ klg g]kfndf %) xhf/ d]=6g lk;fa lgl:sG5 . . lk;fadf ;/b/ !–@ k|ltzt gfO6f«]hg kfOG5 . t/ cf};tdf !=% k|ltzt dfq dfg]/ lx;fa ubf{ klg df]6fdf]6L &% xhf/ d]= 6g eGbf a9L gfO6«f]hg cyf{t ! nfv ^) xhf/ d]=6g  a/fa/sf] o'l/of  x'g cfpF5 .

dnsf] l:yltM

kz'd'q ;+sng Pj+ ;b'kof]usf] cefjdfd'qdf kfO{g] lj?jfnfO{ rflxg] gfO6«f]hg gf]S;fg e}/x]sf] cj:yf Psflt/ 5 eg] csf]{lt/ afnL la?jfnfO{ rflxg] vfBtTjx¿dWo] ;aeGbf a9L gfO6«f]hg tTj aflx/af6 aif]{gL cfoft ug'{ k/]sf] 5 . /f;folgs dn xfn;Dd g]kfndf aGg g;s]sfn] ljb]zaf6 cfoft ug{' kg]{, cGo tTjx¿ h:tf] of] l:y/ eP/ /xg g;Sg] cj:yfdf afnLlj?jfnfO{ rflxg] gfO6«f]hg k"lt{sf nflu o'l/of/ 8L=P=kL= aflx/af6 cfoft ug{ ;/sf/ tyf ls;fgx?nfO{ wf}­­–wf} k/]sf] 5 .@)&#÷@)&$ df g]kfndf @)&#÷@)&$ df ! nfv !^ xhf/ ^ ;o #@ d]= 6g o"l/of k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] / o; cf=j=@)&%÷@)&^df ! nfv d]=6g -$^,))) d]=6g gfO6«f]hg_ cfoft ul/g] of]hgf /x]sf] 5 .

t/ w]/}h;f] ufO{ e}+;Lsf] d'qaf6  kfOg] gfO6«f]hgdWo] *)–()Ü To;} p8]/ v]/ uPsf] 5 . ufO{ e}+;Lsf] ux'FtnfO{  ;s+ng / k|of]u ug{ ;s]df o;af6 k|fKt x'g] gfO6«f]hg ljb]zaf6 cfoft ul/Psf] o'l/ofsf] t'ngfdf ;:tf] / k|efjsf/L x'G5 . To;}n] /f;folgs dnsf] c;Gt'lnt k|of]uaf6 dfgj tyf jftfj/0fdf x'g] gsf/fTds c;/af6 aRg  kz'd'qdf ePsf] gfO6«f]hg arfpg / ;b'kof]u ug{df Wofg lbg' h?/L 5 . ctM ufO{j:t'sf] ux'FtnfO{ ;d'lrt ;+sng tyf k|of]uaf6 :j:Yo afnLgfnL pTkfbgdf a[l4 tyf jftfj/0f hf]ufpgdf ;d]t ;xof]u k'¥ofO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ sd ug{ ;lsG5 .

kz'd'qsf] ;+sng tyf k|of]uaf6 kmfO{bfM

s_ o'/Lof dndf kfOg] gfO6«f]hg tyf Do'/]6 ckm kf]6f;df kfOg] kf]6f;  ;lhn} kl/k"lt{ u/L 7"nf] /sd lab]lzgaf6 hf]ufpg ;lsg],

v_ kz'd'qaf6 jfg:klts ljiffbL agfP/ afnLgfnLsf] /f]u sL/f Joj:yfkg tyf ;'IdtTjsf] k"lt{ ug{ ;lsg]

u_ /f;folgs dn tyf ljiffbLsf] dfqf 36fO{ pTkfbg nfut 36fpg ;lsg],

3_ ufO{j:t'sf] esf/f] ;kmf eO{ /f]uJoflw sd x'g] / b"wsf] pTkfbg a9g],

ª_ afnLlj?jfdf k|of]u ubf{ lk;fa;+u} l;+rfO{ klg x'g]

r_ uf]a/ UofF;df k|of]u ubf{ ldy]g Uof; a9L pTkfbg x'g],

5_ uf]7]dnsf] u'0f:t/ a9fpg ;lsg] .

kz'd'q / o"/Lofsf] t'NgfTds lx;fjM

g]kfndf dWod ls;fg kl/jf/df ;/b/ %–^ j6f -jo:s / aRrf_ ufO{j:t'sf] lx;fj ubf{, pQm ufO{j:t'af6 k|lt lbg ;/b/ @) nL6/ / k|lt dlxgf ^)) nL6/ k|fKt x'G5 / pQm kz'd'qaf6 k|lt lbg #)) u|fd / k|lt dlxgf ( lsnf] gfO6«f]hg h'g k|lt dlxgf nueu @) lsnf] o"/Lofsf] a/fj/ x'G5 . o;/L lx;fj ubf{ !=%lsnf] gfO6«f]hg !)) nL6/ lk;fjaf6 kfO{G5 /! lsnf] o'l/ofdf $^ k|ltzt gfO6«f]hg kfO{G5 eg], ! lsnf] o'l/ofsf] nflu #! ln6/ lk;fa hDdf ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . cj ;fwf/0ftof 8]9 s7f jf ! /f]kgL t/sf/L v]tL ug]{ s[ifsnfO{ !!=% lsnf] o'l/of cfjZos kb{5 eg] pQm s[ifs kl/jf/nfO{ #%& nL6/ kz'd"q ;+sng ug'{ kb{5 . ;f] o'l/of k"lt{ ug{ k|lt s[ifs ! ufO{j:t' kfNg]n] !%@ lbg -%dlxgf_ / % kfNg]n] hDdf !& lbgdf k"lt{ ug]{ x'G5 .

o:t} ! af]/f o'/Lofsf] nflu !,%## nL6/ lk;fj hDdf ug{ % j6f ufO{j:t' kfNg] s[ifsnfO{ @=% dlxgf nfUg] x'G5 . pQm s[ifsn]  c? tTjx? afx]s ;/b/ @=% dlxgfdf k||lt af]/f ?= !,@)) sf b/n] o'/Lofaf6 arfpbf k|lt jif{ % af]/f o'/Lof a/fj/ gfO6«f]hg kfpFbf jif{df ?= ^xhf/ ;Dd arfpg ;lsG5 .

ufO{j:t'sf] lk;fa ;+sng tyf ;+/If0f ug]{ t/LsfM

ufO{j:t'sf] lk;fjnfO{ cfkm\gf] j/k/ /x]sf] ;|f]t ;fwg tyf Ifdtf cg';f/ lgDg t/Lsfn] d"Nojfg lk;fj ;+sng tyf ;+/If0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

·         esf/f]sf] e"O{+nfO{ l;d]G6åf/f kSsL agfO{ d"q ;+sng 6\of+sL agfP/,

·         kfOkaf6 Knfli6s 6\of+sLdf hDdf u/]/,

·         uf]7leq ;fgf] vfN6f] agfP/,

·         uf]7df afSnf] ;f]:g] ;f]t/ k|of]u u/L d'qsf] ;+/If0f u/]/ .

ufO{j:t'sf] ux't k|of]u ug]{ t/LsfM

/f]u sL/f Joj:yfkg tyf lj?jfnfO{ kf]ifstTj k"lt{sf] nflu ls;fgx?n] k|of]u ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] lttf], lk/f], cldnf], 6/f] jg:kltx? -gLd,asfO{gf], c;'/f], ltt]kftL, cfFv, x/f], a/f], n;'g, Kofh, v';f{gL, cflb_ lk;fjdf ld;fO{ jfg:klts ljiffbLM lutLdn, lrof dn, cflb :yflgo tl/sfaf6 agfP/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fwf/0ftof !% lbg cjlw k'u]sf kz'd'q lj?jfsf] cj:yf x]l/ ! efu d'qdf  $ efu, ^ efu / * efukfgL ld;fP/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o;nfO{ uf]a/Uof;df, yf]kf l;+rfO{df, :k|Lª\n/df klgk|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

uf]7sf] kSsL e"OF tyf lk;fj 6+sL agfpg nfut vr{M

kfFrj6f ufO{j:t'sf] nflu kSsL e"OFsf] vr{ cf+s8f ug]{ xf] eg] l;d]G6 # af]/f ?=#,))), afn'jf ( af]/f?= $%), lu§L  !* af]/f ?= !,@%), 9'+uf  @% 6f]s/L ?= !,%)),ld:qL vr{ ?= @,))) / >lds -$ hgf_ vr{{ ?= @,))) ubf{ hDdf nfut ?=!),@)) df tof/ x'Fbf !) jif{ cfo' x'g] . To:t} lk;fj ;+sng ug{sf nflu Knfli6s kfOk @–# dL= ?=@)), Knfli6s 6\of+sL !)) ln6/ ?=!)))jf kSsL 6\of+sL -!X!X!ld=_ ?=!,))) u/L ?=@,@)) vr{ x'bfF s'n nfut ?=!@,$)) df uf]7sf] kSsL e"O{ agfpg ;lsG5 . of] vr{ !) af]/f o'/Lof a/fa/sf] x'g cfpF5 / h'g @ jif{sf] lk;fj hDdfaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .

ctM g]kfnsf] ;d[l4sf] gf/fnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{ u/LjL Go'gLs/0f, vfB ;'/Iff / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/ Go"gLs/0fsf nflu s[lifIf]qnfO{ lbuf] agfpg clt g} cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . ca ;a} txaf6 lbuf] s[lifsf] nflu dfgj kz':jf:Yo tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug{sf ;fy} b]zsf] 7"nf] /sd lab]lzgaf6 /f]Sg kz'd'qsf] ;d'lrt ;+sng tyf ;b'kof]udf Wofg hfg' h?/L b]lvG5 . o;sf nflu ljz]if lsl;dsf] sfo{qmd ækz'd'qsf] plrt :ofxf/M lbuf] s[lifsf] d"n cfwf/æ gf/f agfO{ a[xt ?kdf :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tjdf k|b]z ;/sf/ tyf ;+3Lo ;/sf/ tyf cGo bft[ ;+:yfsf] ;xof]udf ;+rfng ug'{ clt g} cfjZos b]lvG5 .