Sunaulo sugandha rice package and practices

 

;'gf}nf] ;'uGwf / o;sf] v]tL k|ljlw 

(photo)

nL-a8{, u}x|fkf6g, kf]v/f, sf:sL

kf]=a=g+ #@$ kmf]g g+ M )^!–%@^*#$

;LPh]8\P;\-k|fs[lts ;|f]t, a]++u/ ljZjljBfno, a]nfot

/fli6«o wfgafnL cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd, xlb{gfy, wg'iff 

kmf]g g+ M )$!–^@)!*$

h:s]nf] o'jf Sna, uLtfgu/, lrtjg

 

	;'gf}nf] ;'uGwf

 

 

 

 

kl/ro

;'gf}nf] ;'uGwf k';f af;dtL–! nfO{ ufdf ljls/0fåf/f pTkl/jt{g (Mutation) u/fO{ nufOPsf] k|yd k':tfsf] afnLdf k|fs[lts ¿kdf x'g uPsf] k/;]rgaf6 pTkfbg ul/Psf] wfgsf] hft xf] . o;sf] ljsf; nL-a8{sf] cu'jfOdf ;xefuLtfdns afnL k|hgg sfo{qmddfkm{t ;LPh]8\P;\-k|fs[lts ;|f]t a]++u/ ljZjljBfno a]nfot, /fli6«o wfgafnL cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd xlb{gfy / h:s]nf] o'jf Sna, uLtfgu/ lrtjgsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf s[ifsx¿sf] ;xeflutfdf ul/Psf] xf] .

 

g]kfnsf] t/fO{ tyf leqL dw];sf @! j6f tyf kxf8sf s]xL lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{nox¿, s[lif tyf kz' lj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg ndh'ª SofDk; / lJleGg u}/;/sf/L ;ª\3;+:yfx¿sf] ;dGjodf ls;fgx¿sf] cfºg} Joj:yfkgdf ul/Psf ;xeflutfdns dft[ tyf lzz' k/LIf0fx¿ / /fli6«o  wfgafnL cg';Gwfg sfo{s|d, xlb{gfydfkm{t ul/Psf ;dGjofTds hftLo k/LIf0fx¿, /f]u tyf sL/f k/LIf0faf6 k|fKt glthfsf cfwf/df o; hftdf s[ifsx¿nfO{ dg kg]{ y'k|} u'0fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

 

hftLo ljz]iftfx¿

ljut $-% jif{b]lv g]kfnsf t/fO{ tyf dWo kxf8sf ljleGg lhNnfx¿df ;~rfng ul/Psf dft[-lzz' k/LIf0faf6 k|fKt cfs8fx¿sf cfwf/df o; hftdf lgDglnlvt ljz]iftfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

 

Hf.tLo ljz]iftfx¿	tYofÍ
af]6sf] prfO -;]G6Lld6/_	!)%
afnL kfSg nfUg] cjlw -lbg_	!%!
pTkfbg -6g k|ltx]S6/_	#.*!
k|ltju{ ld6/ If]qkmndf afnfsf] ;ª\Vof	@&@
afnfsf nDafO -;]G6Lld6/_	@&
k|ltafnf k'i6 bfgf ;ª\Vof	!$!
Wffgsf bfgfsf] nDafO -ldnLld6/_	!.!!
Wffgsf bfgfsf] rf}8fO -ldnLld6/_	).@&
Rffdnsf bfgfsf] nDafO -ldnLld6/_	).&!
Rffdnsf bfgfsf] rf}8fO -ldnLld6/_	).@#
!))) bfgf wfgsf] tf}n -u|fd_	!(
!))) bfgf rfdnsf] tf}n -u|fd_	!$.&%

 

g]kfndf pknAw af:gf cfpg] wfgsf hftx¿df of] cu|0fL:yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . af]6 bx|f] x'g] ePsfn] dlnnf] hUufdf klg g9Ng], prfO dWod, nfdf afnf, wfgsf] /ª xNsf ;'gf}nf] x'g], v]tdf g} xNsf af:gf cfpg]≤ pTkfbg a9L lbg], ^# b]lv ^% k|ltzt;Dd rfdn kg]{, ksfpbf af:gf cfpg], eft g/d / km/\km/fpbf] x'g], vfg :jflbnf]] x'g] o; hftsf yk ljz]iftfx¿ x'g\ . o;sf] ahf/dNo nNsf af;dtL ;/x kfOPsf] 5 .  

 

xfjfkfgL

o; wfgnfO{ wfgsf cGo jif]{ hftx¿nfO{ h:t} t/fO{ tyf leqL dw];sf lhNnfx¿ tyf kxf8sf a];L e]ux¿df kfOg] vfnsf] ;dzLtf]i0f k|b]zLo xfjfkfgL pko'Qm x'G5 .  

 

hUufsf] lsl;d

;fdfGotof, l;rfOsf] /fd|f] ;'ljwf ePsf] kfgL nufpbf nfUg] / ;'sfpbf ;'Sg] dlnnf] hUufdf nufpg pko'Qm x'G5 . af]6 bx|f] x'g] / kfSg] cjlw nueu dG;'nL;u} x'g] ePsfn] dG;'nL 9Ng] ;d:of ePsf 7fpx¿df ;d]t o;nfO{ nufpg eg] ;lsG5 t/ ¿vla?jfsf] 5fof kg]{ ;]lknf] hUufdf nufpg'x'b}g .

 

hUufsf] tof/L

wfgsf cGo hftx¿df h:t} df6f] kN6fpg] xnfsf] ;xfotfn] v]tsf] klxnf] hf]tfO u/]/ !-@ k6s lxNofPkl5 bfb] nufO{ jf 6\ofS6/sf] k|of]uaf6 ;Dd kf/L hUufsf] tof/L ug{ ;lsG5 .

 

aLpsf] dfqf

;fdfGotof, %) b]lv ^) lsnf]u|fd k|ltx]S6/ jf @ lsnf]u|fd k|ltsf sf b/n] aLpsf] k|of]u ug{'kb{5 .

 

-!_ Aof8 /fVg] ;do

t/fO{ tyf leqL dw];sf lhNnfx¿df o; hftsf] Aof8 h]7 dlxgfsf] klxnf] xKtfb]lv c;f/ dlxgfsf] klxnf] xKtf;Dd /fVg'kb{5 .

 

-@_ g;{/L Joj:yfkg

o;nfO{ wn] tyf lxn] b'a} Aof8df /fVg ;lsG5 t/ ;fdfGotof, wn]] Aof8df /fv]sf a]gf{ k|ltsn cj:yfdf klg v]tdf /f]k]kl5 ;lhn} ;g]{, a]gf{sf h/f nfdf x'g], / la?jfsf] j[l4 / ljsf; l56f] eO{ pTkfbgIfdtf a9L ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . hldgdf aLp v;fNg'eGbf cufl8 a]leli6g (Bavistin) gfds ljiffbL @ u|fd k|ltlsnf]u|fd aLpsf b/n] ld;fO{ /fd|/L rnfP/ pkrf/ ubf{ aLpaf6 ;g{ ;Sg] /f]ux¿ sd ug{ ;lsG5 .

 

-#_ a]gf{sf] pd]/

aLp g;{/Ldf 5/]/ pd|]sf] @) lbgleq a]gf{ /f]Kbf /fd|f] x'G5 . cGt/f{li6«o wfgafnL cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd lkmlnlkG; / cGo y'k|} cg';Gwfg lgsfox¿n] u/]sf] k/LIf0fsf cfwf/df wfgsf a]gf{sf] pd]/ @) lbgeGbf a9\b} hfbf ufh cfpg] Ifdtf 36\b} uO{ /f]lkPsf a]gf{sf] xl/of]kgf l9nf] kmls{g] / la?jfsf] j[l4 tyf ljsf;df klg x|f; cfpb} hfG5 .

 

-$_ a]gf{ /f]Kg] ;do 

o; hftsf] wfg nueu dG;'nL;u} kfSg] ePsfn] c;f/ dlxgfleq} v]tdf nufO;Sg' pQd x'G5 . ;fpgsf] klxnf] xKtfaf6 hlt l9nf] u/L nufOG5, o;sf] j[l4 / ljsf; sd x'g], /f]usL/fsf] cfqmd0f a9\g] / kfSg clt l9nf] eO{ pTkfbgdf x|f; cfPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . clt l9nf] u/L a9f eO;s]sf a]gf{ nufOPsf] jif{ / ebf} dlxgfdf nfdf] v8]/L k/]sf] jif{df km8\s] sL/f nfu]sf] klg kfOPsf] 5 .

 

-%_ a]gf{ /f]Kg] tl/sf

af]6b]lv af]6sf] b/L !% ;]G6Lld6/ / nfOgb]lv nfOgsf] b/L @) ;]G6Lld6/ x'g'kb{5 . /f]Kbf Ps 7fpdf @-# j6f a]gf{ /f]Kbf /fd|f] pTkfbg kfOPsf] 5 .

 

dnvfbsf] dfqf

dnvfbsf] dfqf slt /fVg] eGg] s'/f afnL nufOPsf]] ;do, df6fsf] dlnnf]kgf, dnvfbsf] u'0f:t/ Pj+ pknAwtf cflbdf e/ kb{5 . ls;fgx¿;u ul/Psf y'k|} k/LIf0fx¿sf cfwf/df ;'gf}nf] ;'uGwfnfO{ kfP;Dd !) 6g k|ltx]S6/ k|f¨fl/s dnsf ;fy} ^) lsnf]u|fd km:kmf]/; / %) lsnf]u|fd kf]6f;, b'O{ k6sdf u/]/ $) lsnf]u|fd gfO6«f]hg k|ltx]S6/ sf b/n] k|of]u ubf{ clwstd d'gfkmf lng ;lsG5 . df6fsf] cj:yf x]/L kf]6f;sf] yk dfqf k|of]u ugf{n] la?jfsf] /f]u tyf sL/flj?4 n8\g] k|lt/f]wfTds Ifdtf a9fpg d2t ub{5 .

 

 

l;rfO

/fd|f] v]tLsf nflu a]gf{ ;f/]b]lv sf6\g'eGbf !% lbg cufl8;Dd a]nfa]nfdf kfgL nufpg] / ;'sfpg] ul//fVg' /fd|f] x'G5 . afnf lg:sg] a]nfdf l;rfOsf] sdL ePdf bfgfdf sfnf] bfu b]lvg'sf ;fy} e'; nfUg] ;d:of  b]lvg ;Sb5 .

kfSg] calw

olb @%-#) lbgsf a]gf{ /f]Kg] xf] eg] aLp 5/]sf] ldltb]lv nueu !%) -!%@ lbgdf wfg kfSb5 / @) lbg gs6fO{ slnnf a]gf{ /f]k]df afnL kfSg] cjlw Ps xKtf cufl8 Nofpg ;lsG5 .

 

afnL s6fgL / pTkfbg

*%-() k|ltzt bfgf kfls;s]kl5 afnL sf6\bf s[ifssf] Joj:yfkgdf cf};t pTkfbgIfdtf #=*-% 6g k|ltx]S6/ -@=%-#=% d'/L k|ltsf_ /x]sf] 5 .

 

emf/kft lgoGq0f

;fdfGotof a]gf{ /f]k]sf] #)-#% lbgkl5 klxnf] uf]8fO / emf/kftsf] k|sf]k x]/L /f]k]sf] %%-^) lbgdf bf];|f] uf]8fO ug'{kb{5 . emf/kft lgoGq0fsf nflu a]gf{ /f]k]sf] @-# lbgleq kfgLdf kftfnf] lemNnL x'g] u/L Ao'6fSnf]/ (Butachlor) @ ldnLln6/ k|ltln6/ kfgLdf ld;fP/ 5g{ klg ;lsG5 .

 

/f]u Joj:yfkg

wfgsf] d?jf (Blast)

o; hftdf d?jf cj/f]ws Ifdtf ePsfn] ;fdfGotof Anfi6 /f]usf] nIf0f b]vf kb}{g . jftfj/l0fo k|ltsntfsf sf/0f kmf§km'§ af]6x¿df kftd?jf -Leaf Blast) tyf wf6Ld?jf (Neck Blast) /f]usf] nIf0f b]lvP klg  pTkfbgdf vf;} km/s kb{}g .

Wffgsf] kft89'jf (Bacterial Leaf Blight)  

af:gfbf/ wfgdf 89'jf /f]u gnfUg] hftx¿ sd} 5g\ . afnL nufOPsf] jif{sf] df};d / hUufsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ o; hftdf klg 89'jf /f]usf] s]xL dfqfdf k|sf]k b]lvg ;Sb5 . ;fdfGotof, ufh xfln;s]sf] cj:yfb]lv /f]usf nIf0fx¿ kftdf b]lvg ;Sb5g\ . kftsf 6'Kkfsf] glhs} lsgf/fsf] 5]paf6 kfgL el/Psf cfsf/sf km]fsfx¿ cfwf/lt/ km}ng yfNb5g\ . /f]usf] cfqmd0fn] ;Dk0f{ kftx¿ jf gof la?jfx¿ dg{ ;Sb5g\ . rf]6k6s nfu]sf la?jfdf cfqmd0fsf] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 . clws jiff{ / ;fk]lIft cfb|{tf a9L ePsf] cj:yfdf w]/} gfO6«f]hgo'Qm dn xflnPsf]] -dnvfbsf] jl/kl/ nufOPsf]_, lgsf;sf] sdhf]/ Joj:yf ePsf] / ;]lknf]

-5xf/L kg]{_] cj:yfn] /f]u km}ngnfO{ d2t ub{5 .

 

/f]syfd

s     dnvfbsf] jl/kl/ / ;]lknf] hUufdf gnufpg] .

s     /f]uL 7'6fx¿ / cfkm} pd|]sf la?jfx¿df /f]usf hLjf0f'x¿ afRg] ePsfn] o:tf 7'6fx¿ / cfkm} pd|]sf lj?jf gi6 ug]{ .

s     gfO6«f]hgo'Qm dn /fVbf k6s–k6s u/L /fVg] .

s     /f]u nfu]sf v08df s]xL lbg wfgv]tdf kfgL ;'sfOlbg] .

s     89'jf /f]usf] nIf0f b]lvPsf] z'?sf] cj:yfdf @ lsnf]u|fd ufO{sf] uf]a/ !) ln6/ kfgLdf @ 306f;Dd lehfpg] / dl;gf] sk8fn] 5flg;s]kl5 !)) u|fd Do'/]6 ckm kf]6f; -kf]6f; dn_, !) u|fd a];f/  ld;fP/  3f]n tof/ kf/L :k|]o/n] 5s]{/ jf k|lth}ljs(Antibiotic) ljiffbL h:t} :6]{K6f]dfOl;g (Streptomycin) 5s]{/ klg /f]u lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

 

kftsf] km]b89'jf (Sheath Blight)

of] ;a} vfnsf wfg nufpg] If]qdf 9';Laf6 nfUg ;Sg]  clxn];Dd kfOPsf] 5}g, To;}n] /f]syfdsf nflu afnL Joj:yfkgsf ljljw kIfx¿ h:t} M ;kmf afnLk|0ffnL, kfgL slxn] nufpg] t slxn] ;'sfpg], ;dodf emf/kftsf] lgoGq0f ug]{, /f]Kbf afSnf] gu/L /f]Kg] / ;Gt'lnt dfqfdf ljz]if u/L km:kmf]/; / kf]6f; dnsf] k|of]udf Wofg lbg'kb{5 . Eofln8l;g (Validamycin) @ ldnLln6/ k|ltln6/ kfgLdf ld;fP/ !) lbgsf] cGt/df kftdf tLgk6s 5gf{n] /f]usf] km}nfj6 sd ug{ ;lsG5 .

 

sL/f Joj:yfkg

ujf/f] (Rice Stem Borer)

wfgsf] v]tdf ujf/fsf ljleGg k|hfltx¿n] cfqmd0f u/L Aof8df a]gf{ pd|]]b]lv gkfs'Gh]n;Dd gf]S;fg k¥ofpg ;Sb5g\ . udL{ 7fpx¿df ujf/fsf] k|sf]k a9L x'g] ub{5 . olb wfg km'Ng] a]nfdf ujf/fn] cfqmd0f ul/xfNof] eg] ;2] afnfsf 7Fpdf ;'s]sf afnf lg:sG5g\, h;df e'; dfq x'G5 .

 

/f]syfd

§  ujf/fsf nfe|]x¿ wfgsf 8f7df hldgsf] ;txglhs} a;]/ hf8f] u'hfg]{ x'gfn] wfg sf6\bf hlt;Sbf] hldgsf] ;txglhs} sf6\g] . wfg sf6]kl5 %-& lbg;Dd v]tdf 7'6fx¿ 8'Ag] u/]/ kfgL k6fpg] cyjf hf]ltlbgfn] csf]{ afnLdf uef/fsf] k|sf]k sd ug{ ;lsG5 .

§  sltko ujf/fsf k'tnLx¿ aQLdf cfslif{t x'g] x'bf ltgnfO{ aQLsf] kmGbfdf kf/]/ klg dfg{ ;lsG5 .

§  ujf/fsf nfe|]x¿ kmnaf6 lg:s]/ 8f7leq k:g] a]nfdf kmf§km'§ ufjfx¿ d/]sf b]lvg yfn]kl5 ahf/df kfOg] ljiffbLx¿dWo]af6 b}lxs jf ;Dks{ / b}lxs b'j} u'0f ePsf ljiffbLx¿ h:t} M /f]u/(Rogar), km:kmfld8fg(Phosphamidan), Old8fuf]N8 -Old8fSnf]lk|8_(Imidachloprid) cflb k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5

 

wfgsf] km8\s] sL/f (Leaf and Plant Hoppers)

a9L tfkqmd, sd aiff{ / /fd|/L 3fd nfu]sf a]nfdf o; sL/fsf] jl[4 l56f] x'g] ub{5 . km8\s] sL/fsf tLvf ;'8n] kft / kftsf cfwf/af6 la?jfsf tGt'x¿df k|z:t 3fpx¿ nfUg] u/L /; r':b5g\ . h;af6 ;Id hLjf0f'x¿n] ;lhn};u la?jfdf k|j]z u/L ljleGg y/Lsf /f]ux¿ pTkGg u/fpg ;Sb5g\ . logsf] u'lnof] lb;fdf sfnf] 9';Lsf] kq hDg] x'gfn]] la?jfsf] k|sfz ;+Zn]if0f sfo{df afwf k'¥ofpb5 . oL sL/fsf] cfqmd0faf6 wfgsf la?jf /fd|/L guflhg], prfO sd x'g], kl/0ffddf pTkfbgdf 3f6f kb{5 . km8\s]x¿sf] cfqmd0f a9L g} ePdf wfgsf la?jfx¿ ;'s]/ db{5g\ . o; k|sf/sf] IfltnfO{ cª\u|]hLdf xf]k/ ag{ (Hopper Burn) elgG5 . sltko km8\s]x¿n] wfgafnLdf vt/gfs efO/; /f]ux¿ ;fg{ ;Sb5g\ .

 

/f]syfd

km8\s] sL/fsf] ;ª\Vof cToflws tLa| ultdf j[l4 x'g] x'gfn] o;sf] lgoGq0fdf ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg'kb{5 .

§   km8\s] sL/fx¿ wfgafx]s cGo 3f;x¿df klg

    nfUg]x'gfn] v]tleq / jl/kl/ ;kmf /fVg'kb{5 .

§  oL sL/f aQLdf cfslif{t x'g] x'gfn] lognfO{ aQLsf] kmGbfdf kf/]/ dfg{ ;lsG5 .

§  xfn ahf/df kfOg] /f;folgs ljiffbLx¿ h:t} M Snf]/f]kfOl/km;(Chloropyriphos) ± ;fOk/d]ly|g(Cypermethrin), yfof]8fg

-OG8f];Nkmfg_(Endosu;phan), 8]N6fd]ly|g(Deltamethrin), @ ldnLln6/= k|ltln6/ kfgLdf ld;fP/ 5g]{, cyjf Old8fuf]N8 -Old8fSnf]lk|8_ !&=* % )=% ldnLln6/= k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ld;fP/ 5g]{ .

 

 

yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu

nL-a8{, u}x|fkf6g, kf]v/f, sf:sL

kf]=a=g+ #@$ kmf]g g+ M )^! %@^*#$,

    )^! %#%#%&