बदामकाे महत्व तथा उत्पादन विधि

 abfdsf] dxTj tyf pTkfbg ljlw

!_ kl/roM

abfd g]kfnsf] t/fO{ b]lv dWo kxf8 ;Dd x'g] t]nxg tyf gub] afnL xf] . of] km/s lsl;dsf] afnL xf], o;sf] km"n hdLg dfly km"Ng] t/ ! b]lv % j6f -kmn_ sf]zf df6f]d'lg kmNg] ub{5 .  of] dWo kxf8L lhNnfx¿df /ftf] df6f] ePsf cl;+lrt 6f/x¿ / t/fO{sf gbL, vf]nfdf b'j} lsgf/fsf kmfF6x¿df v]tL ug]{ u/]sf] kfO{G5 . o;nfO{ df]dkmnL tyf abfd elgG5 . o;sf] pTkfbTj *))–!))) ls=u|f=k|lt x]S6/ h'g c? b]zx¿sf] t'ngfdf sd /x]sf] 5 . pTkfbsTj sdL x'g'df pGgt aLp tyf pGgt k|ljlw gckgfpg' xf] .

@_ k|of]u M

abfd e'6]/ vfg], ljleGg kl/sf/df ld;fO{ k|of]u ug]{ ul/G5 . o;sf] k|of]u jg:klt £o" pBf]u tyf t]n k|zf]wg sf/vfgfx¿n] sRrf kbfy{sf] ?kdf ug]{ ul/G5 . oftfoft ug]{ a]nf a;, 6«]gdf ;do latfpg, l;g]df, ;/s;, /+uzfnf, cfd;ef, efif0fsf] a]nf e'6]sf] abfd a9L vfg] ul/G5 . of] a9L efp hfg] ePsf], sf]z]afnL, k|f]6Lg / t]n lbg] ePsf]n] gub] afnLsf] ?kdf dflgG5 .

abfdsf] k|of]u lxGb'x?sf] rfF8 ljif]z u/L kmfu' k"l0f{dfdf xf]lnsf b}Tosf] ;+xf/ kl5 v';LofnL dgfpg /+u clj/ ;+u} abfd ;'kf/L lbg] rng /x]sf] 5 . lxGb' tyf d';lndx?sf] ljjfx x'+bf s]6fnfO{ ?dfndf afFw]/ ?k}of ;+u} abfd ;'kf/L lbg] rng /xsf] 5 . of] z'e j:t' ePsf]n] o:sf] k|of]u k"hfkf7, ljjfx, v';LofnLsf lbgx?df ul/G5 .

o;df $% % t]n tyf @^ % k|f]6Lg kfO{G5 .

 o;df pRr :t/sf] k|f]6Lg afx]s yfodLg, /fOaf]kmnfljg, lgs]l6lgs Pl;8 tyf le6fdLg O{ sf] /fd|f] >f]t dflgG5 . abfddf vlghsf] gfddf SofN;Lod, kmf];kmf]/; / kmnfd a9L dfqfdf g} kfO{G5 .

o;af6 t]n lgsfnL;s] kl5 afFsL /x]sf] lkgfnfO{ k|f+ufl/sf dn / kz'j:t'sf] bfgfdf k|of]u ul/G5 . lkgfdf &, * % gfO6«f]hg, !=% % kmf];kmf]/; / !=% % kf]6f; kfO{G5 . o;sf] h/fdf gfO6«f]hg l:y/Ls/0f ug]{ luvf{ k|z:t kfOg] x'gfn] abfdafnLn] v]tsf] afnL km]g{ jf ablng /fd|f] dflgG5, h;af6 df6fsf]] pj{/fzlQm a95 .    

#_ >f]t jLp Joj:yfkgM–

abfdsf] jLp t]nafnL cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd, gjnk'/ tyf cGo ljZj:t >f]taf6 cfjZos dfkb08sf] z'4 jLpsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 .

$_ Hfftx¿M

Afbfdsf hftx? d'Votof # lsl;dsf] x'G5g, emfFlug], nx/] tyf cw{ nx/] lsl;dsf . emfFlug] lsl;dsf hftx?sf kftx?sf] /+u xNsf xl/of], ;xkftx? Rf}f8f / l56} tof/ x'g] vfnsf x'G5g . of] hft kftsf] yf]Kn] -l6sf_ /f]uaf6 a9L u|l;t x'g] ub{5 . nx/] lsl;dsf hftsf kftx? Uff9f xl/of] /+usf ;—;fgf x'G5g\ . oL hftx? Nffdf] ;dodf tof/ x'g] x'G5g\ . cw{ nx/] lsl;dsf hftx? emfFlug] / nx/]sf] lar lsl;dsf x'G5g\ . tn pNn]lvt l;kmfl/; ePsf hftsf u'0fx? ;lxt JofVof ul/Psf] 5 .

aL–$M

o;sf km"nx¿ d'Vo sf08df gkm'nL ;xfos xf+ufx¿sf j}slNks cf+Vnfdf dfq km'N5g\ . o;nfO{ elh{lgof aGr elgG5 . xf+ufx¿ ;f]em} dfly a95g\ / sf];fx¿ af]6sf] glhs} kmNb5g\ . sf]zfdf k|foM # bfgf, s]xLdf @ /  s]xLdf ! klg x'G5 . Ps;o bfgfsf] tf}n #*–$@ u|f= x'G5 . of] !@)–!$) lbgdf tof/ x'G5 . o;sf] s'n pTkfbg &%–!)) lsnf] k|lt /f]kgL x'G5 .

hgsM 

of] klg  d'Vo sf08df gkm'nL ;xfos xfFufx¿sf a}slNks cf+Vnfdf dfq km"nx¿ km'N5g\ . ;xfos xfFufx¿ s]xL km}lnP/ a9\g] ePsf]n] sf];fx¿ jf]6eGbf 6f9f;Dd klg kmn]sf x'G5g\ . 7'nf sf];fx¿ x'G5g\, clwsf+; sf];fdf @ bfgf / s]xLdf ! klg x'G5 . Ps ;o bfgfsf] tf}n ^)–^% u|f x'G5 eg] !$)–!%) lbgdf tof/ x'G5 . sf];fsf] pTkfbg !))–!!) ls= k|lt /f]kgL x'G5 .

cfO{= l;= h]= P;= -O{_ %^M

 of] :k]lg; aGr lsl;dsf] ePsf]n] d'Vo sf08 / xf+uf+df km"nx¿ cfpF5g\ . ;a} cf+Vnfdf km"nx¿ cfpg ;S5g . sf];fx¿ af]6 glhs} kmN5g\ . sf];f ;fgf x'G5g\ , clwsf+; sf];fdf @ bfgf / sa]xL df ! bfgf dfq x'G5g\ . Ps ;o bfgf sf] tf}n #%–$) u|f, kfSg] cjlw !!)–!@) lbg x'G5 . o;sf] pTkfbg k|lt /f]kgL ^)–&% ls= x'G5 .

%_ df6f] tyf xfjfkfgLM–

abfd ljleGg lsl;dsf] df6f]df nufpg] ul/G5 . t/ ;fdfGotf k|f+ulf/s kbfy{ ePsf] , vghf]t ubf{ 8Nnf k6Ss} gx'g] , kfgLsf] lgsf; /fd|f] ePsf], anf}6] bf]d6 df6f], kL Pr ^ b]lv ^=%  pko'St dflgG5 . o;sf] v]tLsf] nflu @)+ l8u|L ;]= b]lv #% l8u|L ;]=;Dd tfkqmd / abfdsf] cjlw %)) df b]lv !))) ld= dL=;Dd jiff{ cfjZos xG5 . o;sf] v]tL t/fO{, lelq dw];, / dWo kxf8L 6f/x¿df ;kmntfsf ;fy v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 .

^_ nufpg] ;do M–

abfd jif{df @ k6s jif]{ / j;Gt] df};ddf v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 . t/fO{ / leqL dw]zdf ;fdfGotof dg;'g jiff{ z'? ePkl5 h]i7 bf;|f] xKtf b]lv c;f/sf] bf];|f] xKtf ;Dd nufpg ;lsG5 . l;+rfO{sf] ;'ljwf ePsf t/fO{ If]qdf l56f]  kfSg] abfdsf hftx¿  -cfO{=l;=lh=P;= -O{_ %^ jf cfO{= l;=lh=P;=#^_ kmfNu'gsf] klxnf] xKtfdf klg /f]k]/ pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 . t/ jiff{ofddf jLp ;'sfpg ljz]if Wofg lbg'kb{5 .

&_ /f]Kg] hdLgsf] tof/LM

Dff6f]sf] lsl;d x]/L @,# k6s vghf]t u/L, kf6f nufO{ df6f] a'/a'/fpFbf] kfg{' k5{ . jiff{sf] kfgL ljNs'n} ghDg] u/L lgsf;sf] plrt k|jGw ldnfpg' kb{5 . /fd|/L kfs]sf] uf]7]dn jf sDkf]i6 dn jLp nufpg' eGbf Ps dlxgf cufl8 g} df6f]df ld;fpg' kb{5 . l;kmfl/; ul/Psf /f;folgs dnx¿ Afbfd /f]Kg' cl3 clGtd hf]tfO{;Fu} Psgf;n] 5/]/ df6f]df ldnfpg' kb{5 .      

*_ dn vfbM

dn vfbsf] dfqf df6f]sf] pj{/f zlQmdf e/kb{5 . v]taf/Lsf] hf]Tg] a]nfdf $)–%) 8f]sf] kfs]sf] uf]7]dn ÷sDkf]i6 dn df6f]df /fd|/L ld;fpg' kb{5 . abfd v]tLsf] nflu ;/b/ dnvfbsf] dfqf ! lsnf] gfO6«f]hg, @ ls= kmf]:kmf]/; / ! ls= kf]6f; k|lt /f]kgL rflxG5 . o; afx]s Sofn;Lod / ;nkm/o"St dn -Sofnl;od ;Nkm/_ lhK;d !)–@) ls= k|lt /f]kgLsf] b/n] abfd 9sdSs km"nx¿ cfO;s]kl5 jf]6sf] jl/kl/ 5g'{ kb{5 . o;sf] k|of]uaf6 sf];f 7"nf] / bfgf kf]lifnf] klg x'g d2t k'¥ofpF5 . kmnfd tTjsf] sdLsf] nIf0f b]lvPdf #% u|f=k|lt /f]kgL cfO{/g tTj ePsf] dN6LKn]S; @)–#* lbgsf] km/sdf 5g'{kb{5 .   

(_ aLp pkrf/M

olb hdLgdf klxnf] k6s abfd v]tL ul/g yflnPsf] 5 eg] /fO{hf]laod Pg=;L= @ gfds lhjf0f'dn #% u|fd w'nf] !) ln6/ kfgLdf 3f]n agfO{  Ps /f]kgL df aLp /f]lk;s] kl5 dflyaf6 3f]n vGofpg' kb{5 jf /fO{hf]laoddn *–!) u|fd k|lt lsnf] aLpsf b/n] aLpsf] kfTnf] tx gljlu|g] u/L /fd|f];+u ld;fpg' kb{5 clg aLp /f]Kg' kb{5 .

df6f] ty aLp hlgt /f]ux?M kftsf] yf]Kn], l;Gb'/] tyf s'lxg] /f]u h:tfaf6 afFRg % u|fd yfO/fd cyjf Sofk6fg jf ;]/];fgaf6 /fd|/L aLp pkrf/ ug'{ kb{5 .

!)_ aLp b/M

abfdsf] aLp sf];f %)–^) lsnf] k|lt /f]kgLsf b/n] /fd|f] >f]taf6 Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 .

!!_ /f]Kg] b"/L / t/LsfM

Afbfdsf] km}lng] hft h:t} hgssf] nflu nfOg b]lv nfO{g $) ;]=dL= / aLp b]lv aLp @) ;]=dL=/ cUnf] x'g] hftsf nflu h:t}M aL $ / cGo hft #) ;]=dL= nfO{g b]lv nfO{g / !% ;]= dL= aLp aLp b]lv aLpsf] b"/Ldf nufpg' kb{5 . aLp nufpFbf hdLg tof/ ul/Psf] v]taf/Ldf nfO{g tfg]/ jf xnf]sf] l;of]sf] k5fl8 %– & ;]=dL=sf] ulx/fO{df aLp nufP/ df6f]n] /fd|/L k'g'{ kb{5 .

!@_ uf]8d]nM

abfd cGo afnLeGbf a]Un} k|s[ltsf] 5 . of] afnLsf] km"nx¿ xfFufdf km'Nb5g\ t/ ue{fwfg kl5 ;'O/f]sf] ?kdf sf];fsf] ljsf; df6f]leq xG5 . To;sf/0f ;'O/f] df6f]leq k:g / sf];fsf] ljsf; x'g, df6f] v's'nf] agfO /fVg / emf/sf] k|sf]k 36fO /fVg /f]k]sf] !%–@) lbgkl5 klxnf]k6s / #%–$) lbgkl5 bf];|f]k6s uf]8d]n ug'{k5{ . To;kl5 uf]8d]n ubf{ df6f]df k;]sf] ;'O/f] aflx/ lg:sg ;S5 / pTkfbg 36\g ;S5 .

!#_ l;FrfOM

of] afnL jiff{ofddf x'g] ePsf]n] Tolt l;FrfOsf] cfjZostf kb{}g t/ km"n k'mNg] cj:yf, ;'O/f] k:g] cj:yf / sf];fsf] ljsf; x'g] cj:yfdf ;'Vvf / lr:ofg sd ePdf l;FrfOsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 .

!$_ abfd vGg]M

abfd /f]k]sf] @% lbgkl5  km"n km'Ng] tyf df6f]df ;'O/f] k:g] qmd rln /xG5 . To;}n] ;Dk"0f{ sf];fx¿ Ps}k6s kl/kSj x'g ;Sb}g . To;sf/0f kfs] gkfs]sf] hfFRg @–# j6f af]6 pv]nL sf];fsf] cj:yf x]g'{ kb{5 . olb &) –*) k|ltzt sf];f s8f / kf]l6nf] 5g eg] vf]:6fsf] leqL efudf sfnf] WjfF;] /+u cfPsf] 5 tyf  bfgfsf] aflx/L kfTnf] kq cfˆgf] hftLo u'0f cg';f/sf] /+u -u'nfaL, v}/f] sfuh_ e} ;s]sf] 5 eg] af]6 dg{ yfn] kl5 abfd vgL xfNg' kb{5 . Hofb} l9nf] u/L abfd vg]df abfd hdLgd} pld|g ;Sg] ;Defjgf x'G5, af]6 / sf];fsf] ;Dks{ 6'6]/ vGg] HofdL vr{ a9L nfUg ;Sb5 .

!%_ sf];f ;'sfpg] / e+8f/0fM

abfd vg] kl5 kf]l6nf] s8f vfnsf sf];f 5fGg' kb{5 / ;–;fgf /fd|/L ljsl;t gePsf sf];f 5'6\ofpg' kb{5 . 7"nf kf]l6nf] sf];fnfO{ ^–* 3fddf sf];f xnfpFbf v§ v§sf] cfjfh, bfgf cf}nfn] /u8\bf bfgf aflx/sf] k/t ;lhn};Fu hfg]  x'+bf;Dd ;'sfpg' kb{5 . o;/L ;'sfOPsf] sf];f * k|ltzt;Dd lr:ofg sfod u/L e+8f/0f ug'{ x'b}g . xfjfsf] ;+rf/ x'g] u/L 3/df sf7sf] kmNofs dfly af]/f jf esf/Ldf klg e+8f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . g;'s]sf] abfd e+8f/0f ubf{ P;k/lhn; ˆnfe; 9';L nfuL bfgfdf Pˆnf]6f}S;Lg gfds ljif pTkGg x'g ;Sb5, h'g SofG;/ lgDtofpF5 .

!^_ aLp pTkfbgM

of] afnL :jo+;]lrt afnL ePsf]n] Joj;flos aLp pTkfbgsf nfuL k[ystf b'/L Ps hftsf] Kn6b]lv csf]{ hftsf] Kn6sf] b'/L !)–!% dL6/ / >f]t aLp pTkfbgsf nfuL !)) dL6/ x'g' kb{5 . of] afnLdf sDtLdf b'Ok6s a]hft x6fpg' jf /f]luË kb{5 . k|yd k"mn km'Ng'eGbf cufl8 csf]{ hftsf u'0f ePsf af]6 / /f]u ls/fnfu]sf af]6 ;fy} cgfjZos emf/x¿ ;fd"lxs ?kn] lgsfNg' kb{5 . bf]>f] k6s km"n km'Ng] a]nfdf c? hftsf u'0fePsf km"nsf] /+u b]lvPsf af]6x¿nfO{ ;d"xsf ;b:ox¿ ldnL lgsfNg' kb{5 .

abfdsf] hft, df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQm, Jo:yfkgsf] cfwf/df k|lt /f]kgL ^) b]lv !@% lsnf] ;Dd pTkfbg x'G5 .

!&_ abfdsf] ahf/ tyf ljqmL ljt/0fM

Afbfd pTkfbg ug]{ s[ifsx?n] cfkm} glhssf] xl6of ahf/df uO{ pkef]Qmf, ;fgf 7"nf Jofkf/L tyf uNnfx?df laqmL ug]{ ub{5g\ . s'g} s'g} s[ifsx? E+f8f/0f u/L csf]{ ;Lhgdf dxuf] efpdf 3/df cfPsf] Jofkf/Laf6 a]Rg] ub{5 . o;sf] k|of]u ljleGg xf6]n, /]:6'/]G6, rd]gf u[xdf ef]het]/df k|z:t} x'g] ePsf]n] bfgf lalqm x'G5 . o:sf] t]n b]z leq tyf aflx/ df+u /x]sf]n] t]n ldnx?df k|z:t} vkt x'g] ub{5 . 3'd'cf k;n]x? abfd e'6]/, lrgLabfdsf] ld7fO{ agfP/ klg a]r]/ cfkmgf] hLljsf rnfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .