8f=>L eujfg 7fs'/
Afbfd Arachis hypogaeae L. g]kfnsf] t/fO{–dw]zsf] au/b]lv dWo
kxf8sf] 6f/;Dd x'g] kf}li6s u'0fn] el/Psf] t]nxg tyf gub] afnL xf] . o;sf]
km"n hldg dfly km"Ng] t/ -kmn_ sf]zf df6f]d'lg kmNg] km/s lsl;dsf]
afnL xf] . o;nfO{ ljleGg gfdM df]dkmnL, abfd, lrlgof abfd, Peanut, Groundnut, Moundnut, Monkeynut, Jacknut, Earth
nut, Goober, Pindas, Manilanut cflb gfdn] lrlgG5 . of] t/fO{–dw]zsf] gbL, vf]nf lsgf/fsf au/df / h+un km8fgL ePsf]
:yfgx?df tyf dWo kxf8L lhNnfx?df /ftf] df6f] ePsf cl;+lrt 6f/x?df v]tL ug]{
u/]sf] kfO{G5 . o;sf] pTkfbsTj c? b]zx?sf] t'ngfdf sd -*))–!))) ls=u|f=k|lt x]S6/_
/x]sf] 5 . abfdsf] pTkfbsTj sdL x'g'df
pGgt aLp tyf pGgt k|ljlw gckgfpg' xf] . abfd ef]hg, kf]if0f, :jf:Yo, cfDbfgL
;'wf/ ug]{ afnL ePsf] / g]kfndf abfdsf] k|j4{gsf] k|of; w]/} klxn] b]lv ul/Ptf
klg o;sf] If]qkmn, pTkfbSTj / pkof]lutf a9g ;s]sf] 5}g .
abfdsf] k|of]u u/Lj b]lv wgL;Dd ljleGg k|of]hgdf ug]{ ub{5g . of]
;fdflhs, cfly{s, wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts, kf}li6s tyf cf}ifwf] Pj+ cf}wf]lus
d"No af]s]sf] dflgG5 . o:sf] sf]zf e'6]/
km'6fP/ lbpn -aLp_ vfg], ljleGg kl/sf/df ld;fO{ k|of]u ug]{ ub{5 . o;sf] k|of]u
jg:klt £o" pBf]u tyf t]n k|zf]wg sf/vfgfx?n] sRrf kbfy{sf] ¿kdf ug]{ ul/G5
. hf8f]df 3fd tfKb} vfg], ofqf ug]{ a]nf a;, 6«]gdf ;do latfpg, l;g]df, ;/s;,
/+uzfnf, cfd;ef, v]n k|ltof]lutf, k|jrg, hN;fsf] a]nf e'6]sf] abfd a9L vfg] ul/G5
. of] a9L efp hfg], sf]z]afnL, k|f]6Lg / t]n lbg] ePsf]n] gub] afnLsf] ¿kdf dflgG5
. abfdsf] k|of]u lxGb"x?sf] rf8 ljif]zul/ kmfu' k"l0f{dfdf xf]lnsf
b}Tosf] ;+xf/ kl5 v';LofnL dgfpg /+u clj/;Fu} abfd ;'kf/L lbg] rng /x]sf] 5 .
lxGb" tyf d';lndx?sf] ljjfx x'Fbf s]6fnfO{ ?dfndf afFw]/ ?k}ofF;Fu} abfd
;'kf/L lbg] rng /lx cfPsf] 5 . of] z'e j:t' ePsf]n] o:sf] k|of]u k"hfkf7,
ljjfx, v';LofnLsf lbgx?df ul/G5 .
abfddf @)Ü sfjf]{xf8]«6, @^Ü k|f]6Lg / $%–%)Ü t]n -ˆof6_ / !# lsl;dsf]
le6fdLgx?, @^ lsl;dsf] cTofjZos vlgh tTjx? kfOg] ePsf]n] ;+t'lnt cfxf/ dflgG5 .
o;df pRr :t/sf] k|f]6Lg afx]s yfodLg, /fOaf]ˆnfljg, lgsf]l6lgs Pl;8 le6fdLg 8L tyf
le6fdLg O{ kfO{G5 . abfdsf] kfp8/, lk7f], b"w, rsn]6, SofG8L, cflb agfpg
k|of]u ul/G5 . abfddf vlghsf] gfddf SofN;Lod, kmf];kmf]/; / kmnfd a9L dfqfdf g}
kfO{G5 . To;}n] abfd Úul/asf] sfh'Ú gfpFn] klg k|Voft 5 .
abfddf k|f]l6gsf] dfqf df;'sf] bfFhf]df !=# u'0ff, cG8feGbf @=% u'0ff /
kmneGbf * u'0ff a9L x'G5 . Ps ;o u|fd sfFrf] abfddf Ps ln6/ b"w a/fa/sf]
k|f]l6g x'G5 . b'O{ ;o krf; u|fd e'6]sf] abfddf hlt dfqfdf vlgh / le6fldg
kfOG5, Tof] b'O{ ;o krf; u|fd df;'af6
klg k|fKt ug{ ;lsFb}g . b'O{ ;o krf; u|fd abfdsf] dVvgaf6 tLg ;o u|fd klg/,
b'O{ ln6/ b"w, !% cG8f a/fa/sf] pmhf{ ;lhn} k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . olt dfq
geO{, Pp6f cG8fsf] d"No a/fa/ abfddf hlt k|f]l6g / phf{ x'G5, Tolt
b"w / c08f ldnfpFbf ;d]t x'Fb}g . Pp6f cWoog cg';f/ !)) u|fd abfddf (# ldln u|fd
SoflN;od, !!=$$ ldln u|fd tfdf, $=%* ldln u|fd kmnfd, !^* ldln u|fd Dofug]l;od,
!=(# ldln u|fd Dof+ulgh, #&^ ldln u|fd kmf];kmf]/;, &)% ldln u|fd
kf]6fl;od, !* ldln u|fd ;f]l8od, #=@& ldln u|fd lh+s sf ;fy} !^=!# u|fd
sfjf]{xfO8]«6, $(=@$ u|fd ˆof6 -af];f]_, @%=*) u|fd k|f]6Lg, *=% u|fd kmfOa/ /
kfgL ^=% u|fd kfOG5 .
o;af6 t]n lgsfnL;s]kl5 afFsL /x]sf] lkgfnfO{ k|f+ufl/s dn / kz'j:t'sf]
bfgfdf k|of]u ul/G5 . lkgfdf &–*Ü gfO6«f]hg, !=%Ü kmf];kmf]/; / !=%Ü kf]6f;
kfO{G5 . o;sf] h/fdf gfO6«f]hg l:y/Ls/0f ug]{ luvf{ k|z:t kfOg] x'gfn]
abfdafnLn] v]tsf] afnL km]g{ jf ablng /fd|f] dflgG5 h;af6 df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQm
a9\b5 . o:sf] xl/of] 8fF7 kz'j:t'sf] 3fF;sf] ?kdf pkof]u ul/G5 .
of] cf}ifwLo u'0fn] el/k"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . cfwf d'7L abfddf $ ;o @^
Sofnf]/L zlSt x'G5 . o;df cfO/g, lgofl;g, kmf]n]6, SoflN;od / lh+ssf] /fd|f]
;|f]t ePsf], kf}li6s kbfy{n] el/e/fp abfd SofG;/ k|lt/f]wL x'G5 . o;n]
sf]n]:6«f]n sd ug]{ Ifdtf /fV5 . d'6' /f]u sd ug{ ;d]t o;sf] dxTjk"0f{
e"ldsf x'g ;S5 . o;n] kfrgzlQm a9fpF5 . e'6]sf] abfd PlG6clS;8]G6sf]
/fd|f] ;|f]t xf] . o;df c+u'/, c+u'/sf] /;, xl/of] lrof, uf]ne]+8f, kfn'+uf],
a|f]sfpnL, ufh/eGbf a9L dfqfdf pRr PlG6clS;8]G6 Ifdtf 5 . g'g gxfn]sf] abfddf
df]gf] :ofr'/]6]8 af];f] w]/} dfqfdf x'G5 . of] :j:Yo wdgLsf nflu /fd|f] dflgG5
. wdgLnfO{ :j:y /fVg /utdf sf]n]:6«f]nsf] :t/ 7Ls x'g'k5{ . o;sf] ;]jgn]
slAhot, 5fnfsf] /f]u, 6L=aL=, x]kf6fO6L;, lxdf]lkmlnof, /utsf] /f]u, gfssf] /ut
axfj, dlxnfx?sf] dfl;s cTolws /St>fj, kf]if0fhGo /f]ux?nfO{ lgsf] kfg]{ ub{5
.
abfd dlxnf / k'?ifdf xfdf]{G;sf] ljsf;sf nflu ;d]t pkof]uL dflgG5 .
o;df SoflN;od / le6fldg Ú8LÚ a9L dfqfdf x'g] ePsfn] bfFt xf8sf] :jf:Yosf nflu
/fd|f] x'G5 . sfFrf] abfd lbgx'F vfgfn] ;'Ts]/L cfdfx¿sf] b"w a9\5 . o;n]
z/L/df udL{ pTkGg ug]{ ePsfn] lr;f] ofddf a9L nfebfos 5 .
of] afnL anf}6] b]lv anf}6] bf]d6 df6f]df t/fO{ dw]z b]lv dWo kxf8;Dd
h]7 ciff9df /f]k]/ sflt{sdf afnL lng' ;lhnf] v]tL xf] . of] hnafo' kl/jt{gsf]
sf/0fn] ;'Vvf a9\b} uPsf] cj:yfdf sd l;rfO{ ;'ljwf ePsf] 7fpFdf wfgsf] ljsNksf]
?kdf v]tL u/L lxpFbdf ds} ux'F, bnxg, t]nxg, t/sf/L v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf]
h/fdf luvf{ ePsf]n] gfO{6«f]hg l:yl/s/0f ug{] ePsf]n] v]taf/Lsf] df6f] dlnnf]
agfpg ;d]t dbt ub{5 . o;sf s]xL hftx?sf] h/f ! dL6/;Dd hfg] ePsf]n], kftsf]
agfj6n] kfgLsf] plrt k|efjsf/L ;b'kof]u ug]{ ePsf]n] ;'Vvf If]qdf w]/} kmfObf
lng ;lsG5 .
ctM abfd dfgj, kz'j:t' tyf df6f]sf] hLjgsf] nfuL pkof]uL l;4 ePsf]n]
kl/jf/, ;dfh / /fi6« ljsf;df ;xof]u k'of{P klt ckx]lnt afnLsf] ?kdf /xg] u/]sf]
5 . abfd vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iff, hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ng, tyf ;fdflhs, cfly{s,
;fF:s[lts, lx;fjn] s[ifsx?nfO{ kmfO{bf k'Ug] ePsf]n]
g]kfnsf] ;d[l4sf nflu g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo ;/sf/, k|fb]lzs ;/sf/ tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/n]
xfjfkfgL / df6f] ;'xfpFbf] hUufdf v]tL ug{ ;]jf ;'ljwf lbO{ abfdsf] k|jw{gdf
hf]8 lbg' lgtfGt cfjZos 5 .
n]vs
abfddf ljBfjfl/lw ug'{ePsf] 5 .
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