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bfndf]6sf] nflu nf]slk|o /x]sf] 5 . o;af6 e'lhof, kfk8 / n8\8' h:tf kl/sf/x¿
agfpg klg k|of]u ul/G5 . o;df @$ k|ltzt k|f]l6g, %^=& Ü sfjf]{xfO8]«6, ! Ü
lrNnf] kbfy{, #=% Ü vlgh kbfy{ -kmnfd, SofN;Lod, km;kmf]/;, DoflUglzod,
;f]l8od, tfdf, ;Nkm/ _ tyf s]xL le6fldgx¿ kfOgfn] afn, a[4, o'jf tyf lj/fdLsf]
nfuL vfgdf pQd lz4 ePsf] 5 . of] afnLn] k|lt jif{ ^#–#$@ lsnf] gfO6«f]hg k|ltafnL hDdf ub{5 .
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;dodf kmfObf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] afnL xf] . kxf8df a}zfv b]lv ebf};Dd Psn jf
ldl>t, cfnLdf jf au}+rfleq ldl>t afnLsf]
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?kdf nufpg ;lsG5 . d'+usf] v]tL lbgfg'lbg Jofks ¿kdf a9\b} uO/x]]sf]
cj:yfdf pGgt hftsf] u'0f:t/Lo aLpsf] dfu klg a9]sf] 5 . kmn:j?k u'0f:t/Lo aLp
pTkfbg ug{ s[ifs s[ifsx¿sf] cfu'jfO{df ;fd'lxs ?kn] d'+usf] aLp pTkfbg u/L
aLpsf] dfu cfk"lt{ ug{ tyf ;d'x s[ifsx?sf] cfocfh{g ;d]tdf ;xof]u k'Ug] 5
.
u'0f:t/Lo aLp pTkfbg ug{ tkl;ndf lbOPsf s'/fx¿nfO{ ljz]if?kn]
dgg u/L aLp pTkfbg u'g{kb{5 .
!_ ;d'xsf] 5gf]6 M
aLp pTkfbg ug]{ s[ifsx¿sf] ;d"x 5gf]6 ug'{k5{ . tL aLp
pTkfbgx?sf] hUuf ;DejtM Ps} 7fFpdf jf glhs x'g'kb{5 . lxpFb] afnL lnP kZrft v]t
vfnL /xg] x'gfn] 5f8f ufOj:t' tyf /f]u ls/fx?sf] k|sf]k klg al9 x'g] x'gfn] Ps}
7fFpdf ;fd'lxs ?kn] aLp pTkfbg ug{' k5{ .
@_ df6f] M
d'+u ljleGg df6f]df ;kmn ePtfklg al9 pAhgL leqfpg kfgLsf]
lgsf; ePsf], kfgL ghDg], xn'Ëf], bf]d6 vfnsf] df6f] pko"Qm x'G5 .
df6f]sf] kL=Pr dfg & eP pko"Qm
dflgG5 . aLp pTkfbg ul/g] hUUffdf c? afnLsf af]6x? x'g' x'Fb}g . aLp 5g]{
a]nfdf pld|gsf] nfuL xNsf lr:ofg x'g' kg]{ x'G5 .
#_ xfjfkfgL M
d'+unfO{ t';f/f] gx'g], Gofgf] df};d @%–#% ;]= 8Lu|L sf]
tfkqmd cfjZos x'G5 . d'+u afnLnfO{ km"n km"Ng] ;do b]lv aLp kfSg]
a]nf;Dd lr:ofgsf] cefj x'g' x'b}g . cGoyf aLpsf] pTkfbg 36\5 . jiff{ / cfb|{tf
al9 ePdf /f]usL/fx?sf] k|sf]k a9\g] l9nf] kfSg] x'G5 . 5f]6f] lbgsf] cjlwdf
afnL rfF8f] km'Ng] / kmNg] x'G5 eg] nfdf] lbgx?df afnL kfSg l9nf] x'G5 .
$_ hldgsf] tof/L M
a;Gt] d'+u nufpg ux'F, d';'/f] , rgf , cfn' , tf]/L ,
cuf}6] t/sf/L lnP kl5 t'?Gt} hldgdf lr:ofg 5b}+ -geP l;+rfO{ ug]{_ @–# k6s
hf]tL df6f] a'a'{/fpFbf] u/fP/ kf6f nufO{ ;DofOG5 . s]xL lbg c? cjf5gLo aLp
pld|g 5f]l8G5 . kl5 ! k6s hf]tL aLp 5?jf 5/]/ nufOG5 .
%_ aLpsf] >f]t M– s[ifsx?n] pTkfbg ug]{ oyfy{ ;+s]t kq k|fKt aLp pTkfbg
ug{ ljZjglo >f]taf6 z'4 >f]t aLpsf] Joj:yf ug{' kb{5 .
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ds}afnL;F+u ldl>t jfnL jf ds} kfs]kl5 ;f]lx hUufdf klg nufpg ;lsG5
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o; hftsf] la?jfsf] prfO xf]rf] x'g] -#@ ;]=ld=_ , aLp /f]k]b]lv %) lbgdf
klxnf] l6kfO{ ug{ ;sLg] / &) lbgdf bf;|f] k6ssf] l6kfOdf *% Ü eGbf a9L
sf];f l6Kg ;lsg], uf9f v}/f] /Ësf df]6f / cfsif{s sf];f, ksfpFbf bfn l56f]
kfSg], bfndf]7 agfpg clt pko'Qm, vfFbf uGw gcfpg] . s[ifssf] Joj:yfkgdf ^*^
ls=u|f=k|ltx]S6/ cf}ift pTkfbg / /fd|f] Joj:yfkg u/]sf] v08df () ls= u|f=
k|lt /f]kgL -!*)) ls=u|f= k|ltx]S6/ ;Dd_ pTkfbg lng ;lsg] .
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ds}jfnL;F+u ldl>t afnL jf ds} kfs]kl5 ;f]lx hUufdf klg nufpg ;lsG5 .
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o; hftsf] aLp /f]k]b]lv klxnf] l6kfO{ %@ lbgdf ug{ ;lsg], bf];|f] l6kfO{
df *% Ü eGbf a9L sf];f l6kfO{ ug{ ;lsg], k|ltsf];f bfgfsf] ;+ª\Vof /fd|f]
ePsf]-!)_, xNsf v}/f] sf];fsf] /Ësf], df]6f] / cfsif{s sf];f x'g] . o:sf]
pTkfbg s[ifssf] Joj:yfkgdf #% ls= u|f=
k|lt /f]kgL cf}ift pTkfbg -^() ls=u|f= k|ltx]S6/_ / t/ /fd|f] Joj:yfkg u/]sf] v08df !))
ls=u|f= k|lt /f]kgL;Dd pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 .
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^_ dnvfbsf] k|of]u M
hUufsf] dlnnf]kgf cg';f/ pknAw
eP;Dd uf]7]dn @)–@% 8f]sf] , @ ls=u|f= 8L=P=kL / !=% ls=u|f= Do"/]6 ckm
kf]6f; k|lt /f]kgLsf] b/n] k|of]u ug'{kb{5 .
d'+usf] h/fdf gfO6«f]hg dn x'g]
luvf{ agfpg] ePsf]n] gfO6«f]hg dn al9 xflnPdf la?jfsf] jfg:klts ljsf; al9 x'g] / sf]zf sd jf gnfUg] klg x'G5 .
klxnf] k6s d'+u nufpbf ljutdf d'+u nufOPsf] v]tjf6 df6f] NofO{ pQm v]tdf
5g'{kb{5 . /fOhf]ljod hLjf0f'n] aLp pkrf/ ug'{ kb5{ . gfO6«f]hg dnsf] sdLsf]
nIf0f b]lvPdf #–$ u|f= o"/Lof d"l/of k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n] :k|]
ug'{kb{5 .
&_ afnL nufpg] ;do M
d'+u afnL ux'F, d;'/f], cfn',
tf]/L, cuf}t] lxpFb] t/sf/L lnP kl5 r}qsf] klxnf] xKtfb]lv a}zfvsf] klxnf] xKtf;Dd 5bf{ /fd|f]
pTkfbg x'G5 .
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d'+usf] aLp pTkfbg ubf{ d'+usf]
hft / df};d cg';f/ ! ls=u|f k|lt /f]kgLsf] b/n] 5g'{ kb{5 .
(_ aLp 5g]{ ljlw M
d'+usf] aLp b'O{j6f ljlwn] 5g'{kb{5 .
s= 5?jf ljlwM
hldg hf]tL /fd|/L ;DofP kl5
Psgf;;Fu xftn] aLp 5/L aLp df6f]df ldl;g] u/L xNsf;Fu hf]tL kf6f nufpg' kb{5 .
cGoyf aLp gpld|g] tyf r/fn] ;d]t vfg] ePsf] pTkfbgdf x|f; cfpF5 .
v= k+lQmdf nufpg] ljlw M
xf/ b]lv xf/ – $% ;]=dL
af]6
b]lv af]6 %– ^ ;]=dL
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aLpsf] pTkfbgsf] nfuL
ljZjfl;nf] >f]taf6 u'0f:t/Lo z'4 >f]t aLp -d"n aLpsf]_ Joj:yf ug'{
kb{5 .
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df6f]sf] cj:yf x]l/ afnLsf]
cfjZoQmf cg';f/ afnL kfs'Gh]n ;Dd ;do ;dosf d'+uafnLdf l;rf+O{ ug'{ kb{5 . km'n
km'Ng] a]nfdf l;+rfO{ ubf{ aLp pNkfbgdf a[l4 ePsf] kfOG5 . l;+rf+O{ ubf{ kfgL
ghDg] u/L l;rf+O{ ug'{ kb{5 .
!@_ uf]8d]n tyf emf/kft lgoGq0f M
d'uafnL emf/kft;+u k|lt:kyf{
ug{ / ;Sg] x'bf+ lj?jf pd|]sf] @ xKtf kl5 emf/x? eP Ps k6s /fd|/L uf]8d]n
ug'{kb{5 . afSnf] lj?jf pd|]sf] eP % ;]=dL b'/L sfod x'g]u/L j]8ofpg' kb{5 .
k'g M emf/kft b]lvPdf !%–!% lbgdf b'Ok6s ;Dd emf/kft lgsfNg' kb{5 .
!#_ k[ystf b'/L M
k"ik kq kmls|g'÷v'Ng'
eGbf w]/} cufl8 g} k/fus0f cjt/0f x'g] ePsf]n] :jo+ ;]lrt :jefjdf afnL kb{5 . >f]t aLp pTkfbgsf] nflu !) ld6/ /
oyfy ;+s]t k|fKt aLpsf] nflu % ld6/sf] b'/L
c? hft eGbf 6fF9f /flvPdf hftLo z'4tf sfod /xG5 .
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d+'usf] afnL cjlwdf sDtLdf @
k6s aLpafnL cg'udg ;ldltsf 6f]nLsf] lgu/LgLdf c? hft, c? afnL, /f]uL lj?jf /
ef/kftsf] lj?jfnfO{ x6fpg' kb{5 . o;n] d'usf] hftLsf sfod ug{ d2t k'¥ofpF5 .
!%_ /f]u sL/f Joj:yfkg M
d+'udf d'Vo u/L bfnafnLdf nfUg]
lem+uf / sfnf] nfxL ls/f d"Vo x'g .
–
lem+ufsf cf};fn] lj?jf pld|gf ;fy sf08
leq k;]/ g/d efu vfg] ub{5 / lj?jf ;'s]/ hfG5 .
–
sfnf] nfxL km'n km'Ng] / sf];f nfUg]
cj:ofdf lj?jfsf] /; r';]/ sdhf]/ agfpF5 / ljiff0f' hlt /f]u ;fg{ d2t ub{5 .
–
ls/fsf] k|sf]k ePdf xKtf xKtfdf 8fOd]yf]P6 ljiffbL @ cfjf 8]l;; !
ld=ld k|lt ln6/ kfgLsf] b/n] :k|] ug]{ .
–
d'+u afnLdf dVotof ;]tf] 9';L yf]Knf]
/f]u j]gf{sf] sfnf] 9';L kx]nf] 6f6] kf6] /f]un] gf]S;fg k'¥ofp5 .
–
;]tf] 9';L M– @)–@^ ;]=u|]=, afbn
nfu]sf]] / df6f] lr:ofg sd ePdf /f]u nfU5 . kft sf+8 tyf sf];fdf ;]tf] v/fgL
/+usf] 9';L cfFp5 . /f]u nfu]sf] kftx? rfF8} emb{5 / $) Ü hlt pTkfbgdf sld
NofpF5 .
Joj:yfkg M –
;Nkm/ % u|f= k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf
:k|] ug]{ jf s]/yfg ! ld=dL k|lt dL6/ kfgLsf] b/n] :k|] ug]{
yf]Kn] /f]u M –
a9L tfks|d / ;'Vvfkg ePdf
yf]Kn] /f]u km}lng] x'G5 . kftdf yf]Knf b]lvg] / yf]Knfsf] aLrdf v/fgL /+u /
lsgf/fdf uf9f v}/f /+usf] clgoldt csf/df yf]Knfx? b]vf kb{5 . yf]Knfsf] aLrdf
Kjfn k/]/ kftx? Kfmf6]sf h:tf b]lvG5g\ . o;n] ^) Ü ;Dd pTkfbgdf Xf; Nofp5 .–
Joj:yfkg M –
aLp ;kmf tyf /f]u cj/f]wL tyf
;xgzLn hft nufpg' kb{5 . jlj:6Lg jf ls|nf]S;L;, AnfO6f]S; @ u|f= k|lt nL6/
kfgLsf] b/n] @ – # k6s x'g' kb{5 .
a]gf{sf] sfnf] 9';L M–
of] /f]u aLp hlgt /f]u xf] . aLp c+s'/0f x'b} u/]sf lj?jfsf
sfF8 tyf h/fdf sfnf] wAafx? cfO{ a]gf{x? ;8\g ;Sb5g\ .
Joj:yfkg M–
km/s vfnsf afnL -wfg_ nufO{ 3'DtL afnL cKgfpg' kbf{ . ly/fd
jf s}K6fg jf jlj:6Lg ! u|f k|lt ls=u|f aLpsf] b/n] aLp pkrf/ ug'{ kb{5 .
kx]nf] 6f6]kf6] /f]u M –
of] /f]u km8\s] / nfxL ls/fx?sf] dfWodaf6 ;g]{ ljiffn' hlgt
/f]u xf] . lj?jfsf kftx? Kfx]lng] xl/of] kx]nf] 6f6]kf6] b]lvg], lj?jf ga9\g]
tyf sf];f sd nfUg] x'G5 / pTkfbg 36b5 .
Joj:yfkg M –
km8s], e';'gf, nfxL ls/f lgoGq0f ug{ 8fOd]yf]P6 jf 8]l;; !
ld=nL k|lt ln6/ kfgLsf] b/n] :k|] ug]{
/f]uL lj?jf pv]n]/ hdLgdf uf8g' kb}{5 .
sf];f vfg] ujf/f]÷ em'l;n] ls/f
M – nfef{n] d+'usf km"nx? / sf];fdf Kjfn kf/L leq k;]/ bfgfx? vfOlbG5 /
6'Kkfdf ljz]if vfnsf] hfnf] agfpF5 .
Joj:yfkg M Snf]/f]kfO/Lkmf]; jf ;fOk/d]ly|g !=% ld=dL k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n] :k|] ug]{ /ftL
aQL kf;f] afNg] .
GfLddf cfwfl/t ljiffbL sf] k|of]u ugf{n] /f]syfd ug{ ;lsG5
.
xl/of] kt/f] M –
ls/fsf] nfdf] ;'F8n] sf];fsf] aLpaf6 /; r':b5 h;n] ubf{
bfgf gnfUg], lrd|f x'g] tyf bfu b]lvg] x'G5 .
Joj:yfkg M –
8]l;;\ jf km]Gen/]6 ! Pd = Pn= k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf] b/n] !
xKtfsf] cGt/fmdf @ k6s :k|] ug]{ .
e';'gf ÷ ly|K; M –
a]gf{ x's]{sf] cj:yf b]lv km"nkm"NGf] cj:yf ;Dd
cfs|d0f ub{{5 . cfs+|ldt af]6nfO{ xnfpFbf ;]tf, v}/f /+usf e';'gf h:t} ls/f
p8]sf b]Vg ;lsG5 . lj?jf a9\g g;sL cToGt s7f b]vf kb{5 . km"n emg]{ tyf
bfgf lrd|f x'G5' .
Joj:yfkg M –
/f]u/, yfof]8fg jf Pl;6fldlk|8 ! Pd= Pn= k|lt nL6/ kfgLsf]
b/n] @ k6s :k|] ug]{
ld/L8 sL/f M –
;fgf xl/of] /+usf cToGt ultlzn kt]/f x?n] slnnf kft,
sf]lknf, km"n / sf]zf 5]8]/ ljiffn' /;fog 5f]8b5g\, /f]lug] ;'Sg] ub{5 .
km"n sf];f em8\g] tyf afnL ;vfk x'G5 .
Joj:yfkg M –
/f]u/, yfof]8fg ! Pd=Pn=jf gLd]S; 3 Pd=Pn= k|ltnL6/ kfgLsf]
b/n] :k|] ug]{ .
!^_ afnL l6Kg] M
sf];f l5lk ;s] kl5 # k6s ;Dd sf];f l6Kg' kb{5 . sf];f l6Kf]
kl5 8fF7nfO{ x;'jfn] sf6\g' kb{5 jf 3fg nufpbf lxNofpg] a]nfdf df6f]df ld;fpg'
kb{5 h;n] ubf{ df6f]sf] pj{f/f zlQmdf a9f]t/L Nofp5 . l6k]sf] sf];fnfO{ l6kL
3fddf ;'sfO{ r'6L ;kmf ug'{ kbf{ olb %)Ü sf];f kfs] kl5 ljxfg lt/ sf6]/
vnLxfgdf ;'sfP/ bfO{ ug'{ k5{ . clg aLp
;'sfP/ bfO{ ug'{k5{ . clg aLp ;'sfP/
lgkmg] / ;kmf ug'{ k5{ .
!&_ pTkfbg M
d'usf] hft cg';f/ ! 6g k|lt x]S6/ pTkfbg lng ;lsG5 .
!*_ e+8f/0f M
/fd|/L ;kmf u/]sf] aLp ;'sfP/ !@Ü ;Dd lr:ofg sfod x'g] u/L
esf/L, lardf xNsf t]n, tf]/Lsf] lkgfdf df]n]/ e+8f/0f ug'{ kb{5 . aLp ;'s]sf]
g;'s]sf] hfFr bfFtn] 6f]Sbf s8f cfjfh cfpF5 . e+8f/0fdf nfUg] 3'g / vk6]
sL/fx?af6 afSnf] vfnsf] Knfi6Lssf y}nfx?df !–@ j6f sk'/sf u]8f ld;fO{ aGb u/L
/fVbf /fd|f] x'G5 . esf/L , lag tyf af]/f g/fv]sf] aLp !–@ k6s ;'sfpg' kb{5 .
