नेपालका लािग अित उपयार्गी रुखकटहर

  g]kfnsf nflu clt pkof]uL kmn ?v s6x/

?v s6x/ ljleGg u|LidsfnLg kmnx? dWo] Ps dxTjk"0f{ kmn xf] . of] g]kfn afx]s ef/t, jdf{, l;nf]g, blIf0fL rLg,dnfof, >Ln+sf, s]gof, o'ufG8f, dn]lzof, lkmlnlkG;, yfOn}08, sDaf]l8of, leotgfd, a|flhn, u|Lid cd]l/sf, a]:6 OG8Lh cflb b]zx?df v]tL ug]{ ul/G5 . ?v s6x/ g]kfndf t/fO{b]lv kxf8;Dd x'g] ljleGg gfdn]  lrlgG5, s6x/, ?vs6x/, sfF8]kmn cflb . ;+;f/sf kmnx? dWo] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] kmn s6x/sf] xf] . of] kmn ljz]if u/L t/sf/Ldf k|of]u x'g] ePsf]n] w]/} pkof]uL dflgG5 . o:sf] u'bL sf]of ;'u/ / le6fdLgx? sf] d"Vo >f]t xf] . o;sf] aLpdf k|f]6Lg, sfjf]{xfO8«]6 / vlgh tTjx? kfOG5 . o:sf] kmndf le6fdLg P / ;L sf] ;fy} cg}sf} vlgh tTjx? kfOG5 . o;sf] cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts tyf wfld{s dxTj /x]sf]n] klg pkof]lutf a9]sf] 5 . oL ;a} ljz]iftfx?n] xfn b]vf kg]{ vfBfGg ;+s6nfO{ tyf s'kf]if0f ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ clt pkof]uL l;4 x'g] 5 .

Affg:klts klxrfgM

o;sf] ?v ;'Gb/ tyf l;wf s/La #) b]lv &) kmL6;Dd cUnf] ;bfaxf/ ?v xf] . o;sf] kft 6lNsg], afSnf], ( OGr ;Dd nfdf] x'g], tyf ;Dk"0f{ efudf n]l;nf] ;]tf] t/n kbfy{ kfOG5 . bx|f] km"nsf] d'gf ?vsf] sf08 / ;fvfaf6 lgl:sg], slxn] sfxL k'/fgf] ?vsf] df6f]leq /x]sf] h/faf6 lgl:sg] ub{5 . efn] / kf]yL km"n 5'§f5'§} lgl:sg], efn] km"n ;fgf] nfDrf] uf]nf] %­–­!) ;]=dL= t/  kf]yL km"n uf]nf] x'G5. o;sf] kmn ;a} kmn eGbf nfdf] @)–() ;]=dL= nfdf] tyf !%–%) ;]=dL= rf}8fO ePsf] x'G5 .+ o;sf] jhg !)–^) kf}G8; clwsQd !!) kf]G8; -$=% b]lv %) lsnf] ;Dd x'G5 o;sf] aflx/L efu gf]lsnf] sfF8]bf/ afSnf] tyf s8f /a/ h:tf] xNsf kx]nf] tyf ;]tf]–;]tf] af]s|f x'G5 . leqL efu kx]nf] s]/f sf] ;'uGw h:tf] u'bL kfTnf] /Ljg h:tf] efusf]  aLrdf  af]qmfsf] 5]p5fp lt/ vfg] kmn sf];f sf]of  kfOG5 / To;sf] aLrdf  lrKnf] c08fsf/ xNsf v}/f] /+usf], @–$ ;]=dL= nfdf] / !=@% –@ ;]= dL= rf}8f aLp x'G5 . Pp6f kmndf  !)) b]lv %)) aLpx? x'G5 . kmnsf] s]Gb|df cln  nfdf] efu x'G5 . of] k"0f{ ?kn] kfs] kl5  kmn gsf6b} g;xg] ;8]sf] Kofh h:tf] uGw x'G5 t/ kmnnfO{ lr/] kl5 sf];fsf] uGw e"+O{s6x/ tyf s]/fsf] uGw h:tf] x'G5 . o:sf] aLp lgsfn]sf] #–$ lbg eGbf a9L pdf/ zlQm x'b}g . a]gf{ /f]k]sf] !* dlxgf b]lv @=% jif{df kmn nfUg z'? x'G5 .

pTkltM

o:sf] pTklt ef/tsf] a]i6g{ 3f6sf] jif]{ jgdf ePsf] dflgG5 . To;kl5  ef/tsf] c? efudf, blIfl0f Pl;of,, Oi6 OG8L;Lh, lkmlnlkG;, dWo / k"lj{ clk|msfdf km}lnb} a|flhn / ;'l/gfddf k|l;4 ePsf]  xf] .

pkof]uM

of] kmn ;j{ ;fwf/0fn] slnnf] / ;fgf] cj:yfdf t/sf/L, ksf}8f, af8f, kfk8 tyf ljleGg ;d'bfon] ljleGg kl/sf/x?  ljleGg cj;/df agfOg] ul/G5 . of] kfs] kl5 udL{ tyf aiff{ df}zddf laxfg a]n'sf vfgf kl5 vfg k|of]u ul/G5 . ?vs6x/sf] kft lxGb' wdf{jnDaLx?n] >f4df lk08 bfg ug{ tyf s'g} s'g} ;d'bfodf g'jf/gdf clgjfo{ ?kdf k|of]u ul/G5 . t/fO{df ljx]kl5 >fj0fdf >fj0fL tyf s6x/Lsf] ?kdf sf]z]nL b'Nxf kIfaf6 b'NxLsxfF nUg] k/dk/f 5 . o;sf] ?v ;8s 5]p 5]pdf, :s'n,  kfs{ h:tf ;fj{hlgs 7fFpdf ;f}Gbo{tfsf] nflu k|of]u ul/G5 . of] kmnsf] af]6af6 k|z:t kft klt+u/, afv|fsf] nflu 3fF;, bfp/f tyf l5lkPkl5 sf7sf] d'9faf6 cg]sf} kmlg{r/ Pj+ 3/ agfpg k|of]u ul/G5 . of] u/Lasf] nflu laleGg k|of]hgdf clt pkof]uL b]lvG5 . o;sf] kft tyf d'G6fdf cf}ifwLo u'0f ePsf]n]cf}ifwLsf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/G5 .  

cfly{s dxTj

?vs6x/ Pp6f s[ifssf] nflu cfDbfgLsf] >f]t ePsf] dflgG5 . o;sf] kmn kmfNu'g b]lv h]i7;Dd t/sf/Lsf] ?kdf ?= @)–#) k|lt lsnf]sf] b/n] ljqmL x'G5 h'g a]nf ljx]af/L x'g] t/sf/Lsf] k|z:t dfFu x'g] ub{5 . o;af6 ljleGg k/l/sf/x? agf[pg xf]6]n, /];6'/]G6df k|of]u ul/g] ePsf]n] 7'nf zx/x?df dxFuf] efpdf ljqmL ul/G5 . >fj0f efb| lt/ o;sf] kmn kfs]kl5 vfgf kl5 pkef]udf a9L d"Nodf ?=$)–%) k|lt lsnf]sf] b/n] ljqmL ufpF3/ tyf zx/df x'g] ub{5 .

Dff6f] / xfjfkfgLM

of] cfb| u|Lid ?v ePsf]n] !%)) ld6/ prfO{;Dd /fd|f];Fu km:6\ofpg] ePsf]n] kfOG5 . o;sf] nflu cfb|{tf ePsf] udL{ tyf udl{ df}zd pko"Qm dflgG5 . o:sf] nfuL dWood lsl;dsf] lxpFb /udL{ rflxG5 . of] t'iff/f] tyf ;'Vvf g;xg] ?v xf] . 7'nf] ?v @& l8u|L km/]GxfO6 ;Dd ;xg ;Sd] t/ gofF af]6 #@ l8u|L km/]GxfO6 ;Dddf d/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

df6f] sf] kL=Pr=  dfg ^–* pko"Qm x'G5 . o:sf] pTkfbgsf] nflu df6f]sf] ulx/fO ePsf] bf]d6 lsl;dsf] kfgL ghDg] t/ lgsf; ePsf] cfjZos x'G5 .

hftM

vfhf, ;km]bf ef/tsf] pt/k|b]z /fHosf] Onfxfafb lt/ x'g], ?b|fIfL blIf0fL ef/t lt/ x'g] .

k|;f/0fM of] ;'fwf/0tof aLpaf6 lj:tf/ ul/G5 . t/ u'6L4f/f ;kmNtfsf ;fy sndL Joj;flos ?kdf k|;f/0f ul/G5 . s6x/ glhs sndLljlwaf6 st} st} ul/G5 .

/f]Kg] t/LsfM

Af}zfv h]i7df !, !dL6/ nDafO, rf}8fO / ulx/fOsf] vf8n !), !) dl6/sf] b"/Ldf vGg' kb{5 . pQm vf8ndf !%–@) lsnf] uf]7]dn, ! lsnf] s[lif r'g, @, # lsnf] lkgf /fd|/L ld;fP/ /flvG5 . nueu ! jif{ pd]/sf] sndL a]gf{sf] s]xL kft x6fO{ ciff9 b]lv sflt{s ;Dd vlgPsf] vf8ndf l;wf /f]lkG5 . Pp6f n7L lj?jf ghLs} uf8]/ af]6nfO c8ofpg' kb{5 . /f]k]sf] lj?jfnfO{ ufO{j:t'af6 hf]ufpg af/ jf ;'/IffTds pkfo ug'{ kb{5 .

km"n km"Ng] / kmNg]M

 lah' -aLpaf6 pd|]sf] a]gf{_ lj?jkf *­–!) aif{df kmNg z'? ub{5 eg] t/ sndL lj?jf ^ jif{ b]lv kmNg x'? ub{5 . efn]/ kf]yL km"nx? Pp6}af]6df cnu cnu -5'6f 5'6}_ x'g] ub{5 .  z'?df efn] km"n u'R5fdf cfpF5  clg kl5  kf]yL  km"n b]lvG5 . efn]  km"n ;fgf] kmn nfu] kl5 eml/xfN5 . t/ kf]yL km"n /lx/xG5 / 7'nf] kmndf ljsl;t eP/ cfpF5 . r}q b]lv h]i7;Dd kmn l6Kg] ul/G5 .

pTkfbgM

Pp6f /fd|f] ljsl;t ePsf ?v hft cg';f/ ljleGg cfsf/sf !))–!#) j6f;Dd kmn lbg] ub{5 .

केरा खेती मधयम िकसानकाे लािग बरदान

s]/f v]tL dWod ls;fgsf] nflu a/bfg

k[i7e'ld M

s]/f ;+;f/ s} k'/fgf kmnkm'nx? dWo] Ps xf] / g]kfndf o;n] dxJtk"0f{ :yfg cf]u]6f]sf] 5 . g]kfndf pTkflbt kmnkm'nx? dWo] s]/f dfq jif{ e/L pTkfbg ug'{sf ;fy} pkef]u ul/G5 . s]/fsf w]/} :yfgLo hftx? k/fk'j{sfn b]lv g} v]tL ul/b}+ cfPsf] kfOG5 . pTkfbgsf lx;fan] g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qdf v]tLul/g] pi0f k|b]zLo kmnkm'nx?df s]/fsf] :yfg cu|0fL /x]sf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] k'j{ b]lv klZrd;Dd kxf8L lhNnfx?sf j];L, / x]frf kxf8df klg s]/f v]tL ul/b} cfPsf] kfOG5 . g]kfndf s]/fsf] s'n If]qkmn %)%% x]S6/ dWo] #^@& x]S6/ dfq pTkfbgzLn 5 eg] pTkfbg %!%() d]=6g /x]sf] 5 . (Source: Statistic Information on Nepalese Agriculture.)  

g]kfnsf] t/fO{ lhNnfx?df klxn] b]lv g} s]/f v]tL ul/b} cfPsf] ePtf klg Joj;flos ?kdf s]/f v]tL sd} ePsf] kfOG5 . Joj;flos ?kdf s]/f v]tL ug]{ k|z:t ;Defjgf x'Fbf x'b} klg ljleGg k|fljlws ;d:ofx?n] ubf{ s[ifsx? o; tkm{ cfslif{t x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . tL ;d:ofx?nfO{ s]lGb|t u/L b]xfocg';f/sf] pTkfbg k|ljlw ckgfodf al9 eGbf al9 pTkfbg lng ;kmn x'g ;lsG5 .

xfjfkfgL / df6f] M

kxf8L If]q -!%)) ld6/ prfO{ eGbf sd_ df jflif{s ;/b/ @)))–@%))ld=ld= jiff{ s]/fsf nfuL pok'Qm dflgG5 . s]/f nufpFbf g} k;fpg] ;do lxpFb -hf8f] df};d_ 5lng]      u/L nufpg' kb{5 . lr:ofgsf] ;d:of gePsf] h'g;'s} df6f]df klg s]/fv]tL ug{ ;lsG5, t/ klg kfgLsf] lgsf;sf] / o; tkm{ cfslif{t x'g ;s]sf] 5}gg . tL ;d:ofx?nfO{ s]lGb|t u/L b]xfo cg';f/sf pTkfbg k|ljlw ckgfPdf a9L eGbf a9L pTkfbg lng ;kmn x'g ;lsG5 .

hftx? M

:yfgLo :t/df :yfgLo hftx? cg]s ePtfklg k;fpg nfUg] cjlw, af]6sf] prfFO{, kmn kfSg nfUg] cjlw, s]/f 3/Lsf] tf}n, sfFluof]sf] ;+Vof / sf];fsf] ;+Vof cfbLsf] cfwf/df s]xL pGgt hftx?sf] j0f{g tn tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

qm=;+=	Hft	km"n km"Ng] ;do    -lbgdf_	Af]6sf] prfO -;]=dL=_	sfOof]sf] ;+Vof	sf]zfsf] ;+Vof	3/Lsf] tf}n -ls=u|f=_
!	emfkfnL dfnef]u	$!^	@&^	!)	@!&	@$=#
@	ljlnod xfOa|L8	$@%	#)#	!!	!@)	@^=$
#	xl/5fn	#(&	!%)	(	@$*	@^=!
$	dfnef]u -:yf=_	388	320	8	94	12=0
%	/f]j:6f	517	216	12	238	27=2

         

s]/fn] udL{ tyf cf]l;nf] xfjfkfgL dg k/fpg] eP tf klg l;rfO{sf] ;'ljwf ePdf ;'Vvf 7fFpdf klg ;kmntf ;fy v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 . !*–@&0c tfkqmd / lxpFbdf k|z:t 3fd nfUg], t'iff/f] gkg]{ /fd|f] k|jGw ePsf] xNsf t/ k|z:t k|fËl/s dn ePsf] df6f] pko'Qm x'G5 . yf]/} Iff/Lo df6f]df klg o;sf] v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 hxfF cf]Olng] /f]usf] k|sf]k sd x'g] x'G5 .

             

o;/L x]bf{ ;a} eGbf /fd|f] hftx?df emfkfnL dfnef]u / ljlnod xfOa|]8 ePsf] kfOof] . oL hftx? rf8f] km'Ng], kmNg], sf];f ;+Vof klg w]/} / sf];f klg 7"nf], kfs] kl5 kx]nf] /+u x'g], ld7f] jf:gf, ;'ulGwt / kfs]kl5 klg w]/} lbg /fVg ;lsg] ePsf]n] s[ifsx?n] ;d]t oL hftx? dg k/fPsf 5g\ .

lj?jf ;fg]{ ;doM

;fwf/0ftof s]/f udL{ ;dodf ;fl/G5 tfklg n'Dn]df ul/Psf] cWoog kl/If0f cg';f/ ;a}eGbf pko'Qm s]/f ;fg]{ ;do r}q dlxgf g} xf] . o;/L r}qdf ;fbf{ hf8f] ;do 5lnG5 / udL{ ;dodf g} s]/f k;fpg] / ksfpg ;lsG5 . %–^ kft], #%–$) ;]=dL=cUnf] lj?jf ;a}eGbf pko'Qm x'G5 .

vf8nsf] tof/L

s]/f nufpg' eGbf ! dlxgf klxn] g} @x@ ld6/sf] km/sdf )=%x)=%x)=% ld6/sf] vf8n vGg'k5{ . vf8ndf !)–% s]=hL=/fd|f] kfs]sf] uf]a/ dn %Ü sf] Snf]/f]l8g w'nf] %) u|fd ld;fP/ vf8n k'/L /fVgkb{5 . o;/L nufpFbf ! /f]kgLdf !@% lj?jf nfUb5 . s]/f dfq gnufO{ ljrdf afnL nufpg] xf] eg] lj?jf lj?jf larsf] b'/L @ ld= sfod u/L Ps nfOg b]lv csf]{ nfOgsf] b'/L @ ld=eGbf a9L hlt klg ug{ ;lsG5 .

;/fsf] Joj:yfkg

Ps k6s ;f/]sf] af]6af6 k|z:t gofF ;/fx? lg:sG5g\ . ;/f b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g . kfgL ;/f -rf}8fkft / Psgf;sf] 8fF7 ePsf]_ / t/af]/ ;/f -kft t/af/ jf r/fsf] KjfFv h:tf] x'G5 .

/ 8fF7 km]b 7"nf] / dfyL ;fF3'l/b} uPsf]_ kfgL;/f tn} b]vL pv]n]/ kmfNg'k5{ / tf/af/ ;/f hdLgsf] ;txdf ^÷^ xKtfdf sfl6lbg'kb{5 . o;/L sf6\b} hfbfF cfufdL r}qdf Pp6f dfq t/af/] ;/fnfO{ a9\g lbO{ afFsL ;j} sf6]/ x6fpg] jf lgsfn]/ gofF lj?jfsf] ?kdf cGoq ;fg{ ;lsG5 . o;/L Pp6f dfq lj?jf a9g lbgfn] x/]s jif{ s]/f k;fpg] x'G5 / lj?jf :j:Yo /xG5 .

n'Dn]n] u/]sf] cWoog kl/If0f cg';f/ ufFhdf w]/} ;/f  -@jf ;f]eGbf a9L_ /fv]/ w]/} 3/L k;fpF5g\ / w]/} kmN5 eGg] ;f]rfO{ unt ;fljt ePsf] 5 . ! ufFhdf !÷! ;/f dfq x's{g lb+bf 3/L 7'nf] x'g], sf];f 7'nf] / w]/} x'g], af]6 :j:Yo /xg'sf ;fy} ;/;kmfO{ ug{ klg ;lhnf] x'G5 .

                               

dnvfb

s]/fsf] a9L pTkfbg lngsf nflu lgDgfg';f/sf] dfqf / ;dodf dnvfb lbg' k5{ .

dnvfb               kmfu'g    h]i7                   ebf}+

8L=P=kL=-u|f=_               80      80        80

o'/Lof -u|f=_                186     186        186

Do'=ckm=kf]6f;-u|f=_         167     167        167

uf]j/dn-s]=hL=_            15      10         10

lj?jfsf] x]/rfx M

lj?jf nufPkl5 pknAw eP;Dd l;rfO{ ug'{k5{ . ljz]ifu/L dn lb+bf / udL{, ;'Vvf ofddf l;+rfO{ clt cfjZosx'G5 . s]/f au}+rf ;/;kmfO{ clgjfo{ x'G5 . ;'s]sf] s]/fsf] kft / hdLgdf pd|]sf] emf/kft ;do ;dodf x6fpg' kb{5 .

ujf/f] ls/f lgoGq0f ug{ ;/;kmfO{ g} k|d'v pkfo xf] / ;/;kmfO{n] /f]u ls/f lgoGq0fsf ;fy} lj?jf :j:Yo eO{ w]/} kmNb5 . jiff{ z'? x'g' cufj} kfgL hDg glbg af]6sf] jl/kl/ df6f]sf] ps]/f lbg'kb{5 / lxpFbdf ps]/f x6fP/ l;of] -Furrow_ agfpg' kb{5 / w]/} kmNg] s]/f a9L tf}nsf] sf/0fn] 9Ng ;Sg] x'bfF k;fpg] ljlQs} 6]sf lbg'kb{5 . s]/f au}+rfdf 5f]6f] cjlwdf kfSg] t/sf/L afnLx? sf];]jfnL cfbL cGt/jfnLsf] ?kdf klg nufpg ;lsG5 .

s]/fdf nfUg] d'Vo /f]u tyf ls/fx?

!= s]/fsf] nfxL ls/f Mof] ls/fn] s]/f au}+rfdf k|ToIf gf]S;fg k'¥ofpg' eGbf ck|ToIf ?kdf w]/} gf]S;fg k'¥ofpFb5 . s]/fsf] 6'Kkfdf kft em'Kk/ x'g] -Bunchy Top_ /f]u ;fg{ o;n] d4t ub{5 . o;n] lgoGq0fsf nflu dfnflyog jf d]6fl;:oS; sL6gfzs ljiffbL 5g'{kb{5 .

@= ujf/f] ls/f M

s]/fsf] yfd / ufgf]df Kjfn b]lvG5 / slxn] sfxL 8f7Faf6 /; lg:s]sf] b]lvG5 . 3/L k;fP kl5 yflgg g;s]/ af]6 x'Nb5 . /f]syfdsf nflu ;a} eGbf pko'Qm pkfo ;/;kmfO{ g} xf] . ljiffbL k|of]u ubf{ Snf]/f]kfO/Lkmf; -Chloropyriphos_ sf] %Ü w'nf] @=* u|fd k|lt af]6sf b/n] ^÷^ dlxgfdf k|of]u ubf{ ujf/f] lgoGq0f x'G5 .

#= cf]Olng] /f]u M

of] /f]u ˆo'hfl/o eGg] 9';Ln] nfUb5 kfgLsf] /fd|f] lgsf; gePsf] / df6f]sf] tfkqmd a9L ePsf] 7fFpdf o;n] a9L cfqmd0f ub{5 . af]6sf] tnsf kftx? kt]lnP/ eflrG5g\ / gx'G5g\ . lgoGq0fsf nflu /f]uL af]6 pv]n]/ kfNg] / /f]u ;xg ;Sg] hftx? nufpg] .

$= 6'Kkfdf kft 6'Kkf x'g] /f]u-Chloropy riphos_  M

of] /f]u efO/;af6 nfUb5 . of] /f]u nfu]df kftx? Ps} 7fFpdf u'hu'Gh x'g] / af]6 ga9g] x'G5 . lgoGq0fsf nflu au}rf / ;w}+ ;kmf /fVg], /f]u ;fg]{ nfxL ls/f lgoGq0f ug{ d]6fl;:6fS; )=!Ü emf]n 5g]{ / /f]uL af]6 kmb}af6 lgsfn]/ x6fpg] .

%= kftsf] yf]Kn] /f]u -Leaf spot_ 

of] /f]u Ps k|sf/sf] 9';Laf6 nfUb5 . of] /f]u nfUbf kftsf] tNnf] ;txdf kx]nf] /+usf wAafx? b]lvG5g\ . /f]u nfu]kl5 vfgf agfpg] k|lqmof -Photosythesis_ df lzlyntf cfO{ sf];f ;fgf / yf]/} kmNg] x'G5g\ . s]/f au}+rfdf a9L tfkqmd -@$–#)0_ / ;fk]lIft cfb|tf (*Ü 5 rg] /f]u nfUg] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 . xf]rf hftx?df o;sf] c;/ a9L x'g] x'gfn] s]/f nufpFbf g} hft 5gf}6 ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . o;sf] lgoGq0fsf nflu /f]uL kft x6fpg], au}+rfsf] /fd|f] ;/;kmfO{ / kfgLsf] lgsf; /fd|f] ;+u ug]{ ;fy} lj?jf nufpFbf afSnf] u/L gnufpg] .  

 

t;y{ xfdLn] 3/jl/kl/, vfnL hUUff, lghL tyf ;fj{hlgs hUuf, ;8s 5]p5fp, le/fn]f hUUff, d7 d+lb/, :s"n, dbzf{, Obufx, c:d;f3f6, gx/ lsgf/, au}rfsf] jl/kl/, ag leq s]/f nufP/ hnafo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/af6 jftfj/0f hf]ufpg'sf ;fy} vfB, kf]if0f tyf cfly{s ;'/Iffdf ;xof]u k'/ofcf}+ .

                                                                            >L eujfg 7fs'/

                                                                            s[lif lj1

o"=Pg=8L=kL=, Pn cf/ kL, dxf]t/L